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8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
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8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sensory OrgansTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sensory Organs
Very important
To detect changes around us
Sensory
organs
Tongue
Ear
Skin
Nose
Eye
To taste
To hear
To touch
To smell
To see
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Organ DeriaTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
Organ Deria
Sangat penting
Untuk mengesan perubahan disekeliling kita
Organ
Deria
Lidah
Telinga
Kulit
Nose
Eye
Untuk
merasa
Untuk
mendengar
Untuk
menyentuh
Untuk
menghidu
Untuk
melihat
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sensory OrgansTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Pathway From Stimulus To esponse
StimulusReceptors in
sensory organs
Nerve
impulsesNerves
Nerve
impulses
esponse
Effectors e!g!
muscles"
glands#
Nerve
impulsesNerves Nerve
impulses
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ITeach – Sains Tingkaran 2
Organ DeriaTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
!aluan Dari angsangan Ke "erak #alas
angsangan
Reseptor
dalam organ
deria
$mpuls
saraf Saraf
$mpuls
saraf
"erak $alasEfektor cth%
otot" kelen&ar#
$mpuls
saraf Saraf $mpuls
saraf
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1.% Sense o& Touch
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
7/76ITeach – Sains Form 2
Sense o& TouchTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
'uman Skin
Largest organ in the body
'an detect changes in
temperature" pain" touchand pressure
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
8/76ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria SentuhTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
Kulit Manusia
(rgan terbesar di dalam
tubuh
)oleh mengesan sebarang
perubahan suhu" sakit"sentuhan dan tekanan
T i 1 Th W ld Th h O S
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
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*ermis
Epidermis
Receptors
S+eat glands
)lood vessels
ITeach – Sains Form 2
Sense o& TouchTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Skin Structure
'ontains %
Dermis
()nner layer*
Touch receptor
,ressure receptor
-air
,ain receptor
-eat
receptor
'old receptor
S+eat gland
)lood
vessel
.aterproof
Tough
/ct as a
protective layer
+pidermis
(Outer !ayer*
0atty layer
T ik 1 D i M l l i D i Kit
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*ermis
Epidermis
Receptor
Kelen&ar peluh
Salur darah
ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria asaTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
Struktur Kulit
1engandungi %
Dermis
(!apisan dalam*
Reseptor
sentuhan
Reseptor tekanan
Rambut
Reseptor sakit
Reseptor
haba
Reseptor se&uk
Kelen&ar peluh
Salur
darah
Tahan air
Kuat
)ertindak
sebagai lapisan
pelindung
+pidermis
(!apisan luar*
Lapisan lemak
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
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Sense o& TouchTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sensiti,ity o& skin
*iffers at different parts of
the body
Thickness of epidermis Number of receptors
Depends on
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
12/76ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria SentuhTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
Kepekaan kulit
)erbe2a pada bahagian
badan yang berlainan
Ketebalan epidermis )ilangan reseptor
#ergantung kepada
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
13/76ITeach – Science Form 2
Sense o& TouchTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Parts Sensiti,e To Touch
More sensiti,e to touch !ess sensiti,e to touch
Lips
)ehind of the ears
0ingertips
The back of neck
Elbo+
Knee
,alm of the hand
)uttocks
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
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Deria SentuhTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
#ahagian #adan -ang Sensiti& Kepada Sentuhan
!e$ih sensiti& kepada
sentuhan
Kurang sensiti& kepada
sentuhan
)ibir
)elakang telinga
-u&ung &ari
)elakang leher
Siku
Lutut
Tapak tangan
,unggung
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1. Sense o& Smell
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
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-elps breathing and smelling
ITeach – Sains Form 2
Sense o& SmellTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
/ose/ose
Sensory cell
Nerve from the
brain
Nasal cavity
Nostril
/ir current
T ik 1 D i M l l i D i Kit
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1embantu pernafasan dan menghidu bau
ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria #auTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
'idung'idung
Sel deria
Saraf ke
otak
Rongga
hidung
Lubang
hidung
/liran udara
T i 1 Th W ld Th h O S
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
18/76ITeach – Sains Form 2
Sense o& SmellTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Pathway o& Smell Detection
'hemicals in
vapour form enters
nasal cavity
'hemicals
dissolves in mucous
lining andstimulates receptors
Smell is identified)rain interprets the
impulse
Nerve
impulse
#rain
T ik 1 D i M l l i D i Kit
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
19/76ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria #auTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
!aluan Pengesanan #au
)ahan kimia dalam
bentuk +ap masuk
ke rongga hidung
)ahan kimia
melarut dalam
lapisan mukus dan
merangsangkanreseptor
)au dikenal pasti(tak mentafsir
impuls
$mpuls
saraf
Otak
T i 1 Th W ld Th h O S
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
20/76ITeach – Science Form 2
Sense o& SmellTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sensiti,ity o& /ose
The strength of smell The presence of mucous
Depends on
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
8/18/2019 Chapter 1 Sensory Organs
21/76ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria #auTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
Kepekaan 'idung
Kekuatan bau Kehadiran mukus
#ergantung kepada
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1.0 Sense o& Taste
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sense o& TasteTopic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Tongue To detect taste
S+eet
Sour
)itter
Salty
)itter bitter gourd" black
coffee +ithout sugar#
Sour lime" vinegar#
Salty salt#Salty
Sour
S+eet honey" ice3cream#
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria asaTopik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
!idahUntuk
mengesan rasa
1anis
1asam
,ahit
1asin
,ahit peria" kopi tanpa gula#
1asam limau" cuka#
1asin garam#1asin
1asam
1anis madu" aiskrim#
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
The pathway o& Taste Detection
0ood is che+ed
'hemicals from
food dissolves in
saliva and
stimulates
receptors in taste
bud
Taste is identified)rain interprets the
taste
Nerve
impulse
#rain
Sense o& Taste
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
!aluan Pengesanan asa
1akanan dikunyah
)ahan kimia
daripada makanan
larut dalam air liur
dan
merangsangkanreseptor dalam
tunas rasa
Rasa dikenal pasti(tak mentafsirkan
rasa
$mpuls
saraf
Otak
Deria asa
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Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sense o& 'earing
-elps to hear
Ear
(uter ear 1iddle ear
2onsists o& main parts
$nner ear
,inna
/uditory canal
Eardrum
/uditory
nerve
'ochlea
Semicircular
canals
Eustachian tube
(ssicles
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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Telinga
!uar
Telinga
Tengah
Telinga
DalamITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
Deria Pendengaran
1embantu pendengaran
Telinga
Telinga luar Telinga tengah
Terdiri daripada $ahagian
Telinga dalam
'uping
telinga
Salur auditori
4egendang telinga
Saraf auditori
Koklea
Salur separa
bulat
Tiub Eustachio
(sikel
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5 Outer +ar
Structure 3Function4+5planation
Pinna1ade of cartilage and skin and shaped like a funnel! $tcollects and directs sounds into the ear canal!
+ar canal
/ long tube lined +ith hairs! $t directs sounds to theeardrum!
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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ITeach – Science Form 2
p g
Sense o& 'earing
'earing Mechanism
a# ,innab# /uditory
canalc# Eardrum d# (ssicles
e# 'ochleaf# /uditory
nerves)rain
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
p
Deria Pendengaran
Mekanisme Pendengaran
a# 'uping
telinga
b# Salur
auditori
c# 4egendang
telingad# (sikel
e# Kokleaf# Saraf
auditori(tak
Telinga !uar TelingaDalam
Telinga Tengah
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1.6 Sense o& Sight
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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#lind spot
Optic ner,e
+ye muscle
-ellow spot
(&o,ea*
etina
2horoid
Sclera
2iliary $ody
7itreoushumour
89ueous
humour
2on:uncti,a
Sunspensory
ligaments
)ris
2ornea
Pupil
ITeach – Science Form 2
Sense o& Sight
'uman +ye
-elps to see
Slightly flattened ball
The front of eye is
protected by eyelid
The Eyeball is made of 6
layers
Sclera
'horoid
Retina
#lind spot
Optic ner,e
+ye muscle
-ellow spot (&o,ea*
etina
2horoidSclera
2iliary $ody
7itreous
humour
89ueous
humour
2on:uncti,a
Suspensory
ligaments
)ris
2orneaPupil
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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#intik $uta
Sara& optik
Otot mata
#intik kuning
(&o,ea*
etina
Koroid
Sklera
;asad silia
"elemaca
"elemair
Kon:unkti,a
!igamen penggantung
)ris
Kornea
8nak
mata
Mata
manusia
1embenarkan kita untuk
melihat
)ola yang agak pipih
)ahagian hadapan mata
dilindungi kelopak mata
)ola mata terdiri daripada
6 lapisan
Sklera
Koroid
Retina
#intik $uta
Sara& optik
Otot mata
#intik kuning (&o,ea*
etina
KoroidSklera
;asad silia
"elemaca
"elemair
Kon:unKti,a
!igamen
penggantung
)ris
Kornea8nak
mata
ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria Penglihatan
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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etina 3 *etects light stimulus and changes it into
nerve impulses
)ris 3 'ontrols the si2e of pupil and amount of light
entering the eye
ITeach – Science Form 2
Structures and Functions o& 'uman +ye
Sense o& Sight
Sclera 3 ,rotects and maintains the shape of
the eyeball
2ornea 3 /llo+s light to enter the eye and
focuses it on the retina
!ens 3 Refracts and focuses the light to form an
image on the retina
2horoid 3 Supplies food and o7ygen to the eye"
absorb and avoid light reflection in eye
Pupil 3 'ontrols amount of light to enter the eye
Suspensory ligament 3 Supports and holds the
lens in place
7itreous humour 3 1aintains the shape of the eye
3 Refracts light onto the retina
3 *isperses and focuses imageon the retina
2iliary muscle 3 'hanges the thickness of the
lens
89ueous humour 3 Refracts and focuses the
light entering the eye
2on:uncti,a 3 ,rotects the cornea
-ellow spot 3 1ost sensitive to light +here ob&ect
seen +ill be focused here
#lind spot 3 Not sensitive to light
#lind spot
Optic ner,e
+ye muscle
-ellow spot (&o,ea*
etina
2horoidSclera
2iliary $ody
7itreoushumour
89ueous
humour
2on:uncti,a
Sunspensory
ligaments
)ris
2ornea
Pupil
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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etina 8 1engesan cahaya dan mengubahnya
kepada impuls saraf
)ris 8 1enga+al sai2 anak mata dan ¨ah
cahaya yang memasuki mata
ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Struktur Dan Fungsi Mata Manusia
Deria Penglihatan
Sklera 8 1elindungi dan mengekalkan bentuk
mataKornea 8 1embenarkan cahaya memasuki
mata dan memfokusnya pada retina
Kanta 8 1embias dan memfokus cahaya untuk
1embentuk ime& pada retina
Koroid 8 1embekalkan makanan dan oksigen
kepada mata" menyerap dan mengelakkan
pantulan cahaya dalam mata
8nak mata 8 1enga+al ¨ah cahaya yang
memasuki mata
!igamen penggantung 8 1enyokong dan
memegang kanta
"elemaca 3 1engekalkan bentuk mata
3 1embias cahaya ke atas retina
3 1enyebar dan memfokus ime& pada
retinaOtot silia 8 1engubah ketebalan kanta
"elemair 8 1embias dan memfokus cahaya
yang memasuki mata
Kon:unkti,a 3 1elindungi kornea
#intik kuning 8 ,aling peka cahaya di mana ob&ek
yang dilihat difokuskan di sini
#intik $uta 8 Tidak peka cahaya
#intik $uta
Sara& optik
Otot mata
#intik kuing (&o,ea*
etina
KoroidSklera
;asad silia
"elamaca
"elemair
Kon:unkti,a!igamen
penggantung
)ris
Kornea
8nak
mata
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sense o& Sight
The Sight Mechanism
O$:ect
re&lects or gi,es out light
light travels through2ornea
refracts light 89ueous
humour
refracts light
Pupil
controls the amount
of light!ens
focuses the light
rays7itreous
humour
refracts light
#rainsends impulses
Optic ner,esensitive to lightraysetina
$nterprets the message
O$:ect
is seen$n upright position
)mage eal )n,erted Diminished
Light rays from ob&ect
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria Penglihatan
Mekanisma Penglihatan
O$:ek
memantul ataumengeluarkan
cahaya
cahaya bergerak
melalui Korneamembias cahaya
"elemair
membias cahaya
8nak mata
menga+al kuantiti
cahayaKanta
memfokus sinar
cahaya"elemaca
membias cahaya
Otak1enghantar impuls
Sara& optikpeka cahaya
etina
1entafsir mase&
O$:ek
dilihat*alam kedudukan tegak
)me: /yata Songsang Kecil
Sinar cahaya daripada ob&ek
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sense o& Sight
'ow do we see<
To see clearly" light rays has to be
focused onto the retina!
-ence" the lens change its thickness by
the action of the ciliary body!
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
Deria Penglihatan
#agaimana kita melihat<
Untuk melihat dengan &elas" sinar
cahaya mesti difokuskan pada retina
1aka" kanta mengubah ketebalannya
melalui tindakan &asad silia
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1.= !ight and Sight
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!i ht d Si ht
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
!ight!ight
/ form of energy!
Travels in straight line at the speed of 6 7 9:; m
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
2ahaya2ahaya
Satu bentuk tenaga!
)ergerak dalam garis lurus pada kela&uan 6 7 9:; m
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
7ision
De&ects
Short3
sightedness /stigmatism ,resbyopia
Long3
sightedness
'olour3
blindness
-appen +hen image is not formed on the
retina
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2 h D P lih t
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
Kecacatan
Penglihatan
Rabun &auh /stigmatisme ,resbyopia
Rabun dekat )uta +arna
)erlaku apabila cahaya tidak difokus
dengan tepat pada retina
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!ight and Sight
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
Short>Sightedness
ays &rom
distant o$:ect
)mage is &ocused in
&ront o& the retina 2onca,e lensSharp image is
&ormed on the retina
ays &rom
distant o$:ect
!ens too thick
+ye$all too long
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
a$un ;auh (Myopia*
Sinar dari
o$:ek :auh
)me: di&okus di
hadapan retina Kanta cekung)me: ta:am ter$entuk
pada retina
Sinar dari
o$:ek :auh
Kanta terlalu te$al
#ola mata terlalu
pan:ang
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!ight and Sight
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
!ong>Sightedness
ays &rom
near o$:ect
!ight is not &ocusedon the retina and the
image is &ormed
$ehind the retina2on,e5 lens
Sharp image is
&ormed on the
retina
ays &rom
near o$:ect
!ens too thin
+ye$all too short
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
a$un Dekat ('ypermetropia*
Sinar dari
o$:ek sekat
2ahaya tidak di&okuspada retina dan ime:
ter$entuk di $elakang
retina
Kanta
cem$ung
)me: ta:am
ter$entuk pada
retina
Sinar dari
o$:ek sekat
Kanta terlalu nipis
#ola mata terlalu
pendek
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!ight and Sight
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
2olour
#lindness
2olour#lindness
*ue to reduce number of colour receptorsor
*ue to defects of colour receptors
Not able to differentiate some or all
colours
'annot be corrected
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
#uta Warna#uta Warna
*isebabkan oleh kekurangan bilanganreseptor +arna atau
*isebabkan oleh kecacatan reseptor
+arna
Tidak dapat membe2akan sesetengah
atau semua +arna
Tidak boleh diperbetulkan
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!ight and Sight
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
8stigmatism
*ue to irregular
curvature of cornea or
lens
'auses blur vision
'an be corrected +ith
cylindrical lenses
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
8stigmatisme
*isebabkan permukaan
kornea atau kanta yang
tidak sekata
1enyebabkan
penglihatan kabur
)oleh diperbetulkan
dengan menggunakan
kanta silinder
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!ight and Sight
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
!imitations o&
Sight
Optical illusions
#lind spot
)rain cannot interpret
correctly
)rain is confused by
conditions around theob&ect
$mages fall on the parts+ithout photo receptors
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
'ad Penglihatan
)lusi optik
#intik $uta
(tak tidak dapat
mentafsir dengan betul
(tak keliru dengan
keadaan di sekelilingob&ek
$me& &atuh pada bintik
buta iaitu bahagian padaretina yang tidak
mempunyai fotoreseptor
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
!ight and Sight
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ITeach – Science Form 2
!ight and Sight
Stereoscopic and Monoscopic
7ision
Stereoscopic
7ision
6 dimensionalimage
'an estimate
distance and
position accurately
E7ample % -uman"
cat
Monoscopic
7ision
Visual fields not
overlap
-ave +ide field of
vision
E7ample % fish" bird
Visual field
of right eye
(verlapping
visual field
Visual field
of left eye
Narro+ vision field or each eye
.ide angle of vision for
each eye
No overlapping visual fields
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
2ahaya Dan Penglihatan
Penglihatan Stereoskopik Dan
Monokular
Penglihatan
Stereoskopik
$me& 6 dimensi
1enganggar &arak
dan kedudukan
dengan tepat
'ontoh % 1anusia"
kucing
Penglihatan
Monokular
1edan penglihatan
tidak bertindih
1edan penglihatan
luas
'ontoh % ikan"
burung
1edanpenglihatan
mata kanan
,ertindihan
medan
penglihatan
1edan
penglihatan
mata kiri
1edan penglihatan sempit bagi
kedua3dua mata
1edan penglihatan luas bagi
kedua3dua mata
Tiada pertindihan medan penglihatan
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1.? Sound and 'earing
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sound and 'earing
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sound and 'earing
Sound
/ form of energy produced by
vibrations
Sound needs a medium to
travel
Sound travels fastest in solid"
slo+est in air
Sound can be reflected
Sound can be absorbed
Sound is best absorbed by
soft" hollo+ and rough
surfaces! E7ample pillo+"
sponge
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
#unyi Dan Pendengaran
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
#unyi Dan Pendengaran
#unyi
Satu bentuk tenaga yang
dihasilkan oleh getaran
)unyi memerlukan medium
untuk bergerak
)unyi bergerak paling la&umelalui pepe&al" paling lambat
melalui udara
)unyi boleh dipantulkan
)unyi boleh diserap
,ermukaan yang lembut"
kasar dan berongga
merupakan penyerap bunyi
yang paling baik! 'ontoh
bantal" span
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sound and 'earing
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Sound and 'earing
'earing
De&ects
*amage to the
hearing centre of
the brain
Tearing of
eardrum
$nfection of the
ossicles
*amage to the
auditory nerves
*amage to the
sensory cells of
cochlea
*eafness
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
#unyi Dan Pendengaran
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
y g
Kecacatan
Pendengara
n
Kerosakan pusat
pendengaran di
otak
4egendang
telinga terkoyak
=angkitan pada
osikel
Kerosakan saraf
auditori
Kerosakan sel
deria koklea
,ekak
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sound and 'earing
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ITeach – Science Form 2
g
!imitations o& 'earing
The hearing range for humanis >: -2 to >: ::: -2
*evices to help hearing
1icrophone % transmit loud
sound over a distance
-earing3aid % amplify sound
Stethoscope % listen to heart
beat
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
#unyi Dan Pendengaran
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
y g
'ad Pendengaran
=ulat pendengran bagi
manusia ialah >: -2 to >: :::-2
/lat untuk membantu
pendengaran
1ikrofon % 1enghantar
bunyi kuat ke &arak &arak
&auh
/lat bantu dengar %menguatkan bunyi
Stetoskop % mendengar
bunyi denyutan &antung
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Sound and 'earing
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g
Stereophonic'earing
Stereophonic
'earing
/ble to hear +ith both ears
/ble to determine direction of sound
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
#unyi Dan Pendengaran
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
y g
PendengaranStereo&onik
Pendengaran
Stereo&onik
Kebolehan mendengar dengan
kedua3dua belah telinga
Kebolehan menentukan arah bunyi
T i 1 Th W ldT i 1 Th W ld
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1.@ Stimuli and esponses )n Plant
Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World
Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses
ITeach – Science Form 2
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Stimuli and esponses )n Plant
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Stimuli and
esponses )n Plants
,lants respond to stimuli like +ater" gravity"
light" touch" temperature and chemicals!
,lant respond by gro+ing in certain directions
called tropisms!
,lants respond slo+er and lasts longercompare to human?s response!
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
angsangan Dan "erak #alas Dalam Tum$uhan
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ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2
angsangan dangerak $alas dalam
tum$uhan
Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap
rangsangan seperti air" graviti" cahaya" suhu
dan bahan kimia!
Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap
rangsangan luar melalui pertumbuhan ke
arah tertentu! 4erak balas ini dipanggil
tropisme
Tumbuhan bergerak balas lebih perlahan dankekal lama berbanding gerak balas manusia!
Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses
Stimuli and esponses )n Plant
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ITeach – Science Form 2
Type o& esponse in Plants
/astic mo,ement
mimosa pudica plant folds it leaves
+hen touched
'ydrotropism A response to water
roots gro+ to+ards +ater
"eotropism A response to gra,ity
roots gro+ do+n+ards
shoots gro+ up+ards
Phototropism A response to light
shoots gro+ to+ard light
Thigmotropism A response to touch
or contact with a solid structure
,lants +ith +eak stem +rap
their tendrils around a
supporting structure
Water
MaiBe plant grow
towards light
2ucum$er plant
Tendril
curls
around
support
Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
angsangan Dan "erak #alas Dalam Tum$uhan
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ITeach – Science Form 2
;enis> ;enis "erak #alas
Tum$uhan
Pergerakan nastik
*aun pokok semalu menutup serta
merta apabila disentuh
'idrotropisme A gerak $alas
terhadap air
/kar tumbuh ke arah air
"eotropisme A gerak $alasterhadap gra,iti
/kar tumbuh ke ba+ah
,ucuk tumbuh ke atas
Fototropisme A gerak $alas
terhadap cahaya
,ucuk tumbuh ke arah cahaya
Tigmotropisme A gerak $alas
terhadap sentuhan atau apa$ila
$ersentuh dengan o$:ek
Tumbuhan berbatang lembut
melilitkan salur paut
disekeliling struktur sokongan
8ir
Pucuk pokok
:agung tum$uh ke
arah cahaya
Tum$uhan timun
Salur paut
melingkari
sokongan
TROPISM
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TROPISM
Type ofresponse
Phototropism
GeotropismHydrotropism
Thigmotropism
Type ofstimulus
light gravity water touch
Response ofroots
negative positive positive -
Response ofshoot
positive negative negative -
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phototropisme
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4E(TR(,$S1
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The End
i 3 Teach