Chapter 1-Student Notes 1

8/8/2019 Chapter 1-Student Notes 1

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The Sc ienc e of

Psychology

The Sc ienc e of

Psychology

SettingsSci Method

TrendsProfessionals

Critical ThinkingEthicsExperimentsCorrelationsCase studies

ModernEarlyFunctionalStructuralDefinitions

Links to Learning ObjectivesLinks to Learning Objectives

WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY

LO 1.1 Definition and goals

PSYCHOLOGY THEN

LO 1.2 Structuralism and functionalism

LO 1.3 Early approaches

PSYCHOLOGY NOW

LO 1.4 Modern perspectives

LO 1.5 Psychiatrists, Psychologists

PSYCHOLOGY THE SCIENCE

LO 1.6 Scientific method

LO 1.7 Naturalistic/laboratory settings

LO 1.8 Case studies & surveys

LO 1.9 Correlational techniques

LO 1.10 Experimental design

LO 1.11 Placebo/experimenter effects

LO 1.12 Amabilesexperiment

ETHICS & CRITICAL THINKING

LO 1.13 Ethical concerns

LO 1.14 Critical thinking

What is psychology?What is psychology?


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How is psychology defined?How is psychology defined?

Write down one idea thatcomes to mind when you

hear the wordpsychology.

Psychology is the scientific study of

behavior and

mental processes

Psychology as clich

1.1 What defines psychology and what are its four primary goals?

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What are the goals of Psychology?What are the goals of Psychology?

Control

Explanation

Description

Prediction

Psychology ThenPsychology Then


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How are mind & body related?How are mind & body related?

Philosophers

Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.)

connection between soul and body

Plato (427 - 347 B.C.) dualism body and soul are separate but interrelated

Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650) modified dualism mind and body have reciprocal

interaction via pineal gland

How do mind and body interact?

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1.2 How did structuralism and functionalism differ?

What is structuralism?What is structuralism?

THOUGHTTHOUGHT

EXPERIENCEEXPERIENCE

EMOTIONEMOTION

Wilhelm Wundt

First psychology lab

in Germany (1879)

Mind consists of

basic elements

analyzed via

objective

introspection

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Edward Titchener


Introspect aboutphysical objects

AND thoughts

Tell me aboutthings that areyellow.


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Margaret Washburn

First woman toreceive a Ph.D. inpsychology (1894)

Author of TheAnimal Mind

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William James

stream of thought vs.elements of mind

Focus on adaptation,living working,playingfunctioning inthe real world

What is functionalism?What is functionalism?

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Gestalt PsychologyGestalt Psychology

What doGestaltists meanwhen they say

that the whole isgreater than thesum of theparts?

1.3 Basic ideas and important people in early approaches


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Gestalt PsychologyGestalt Psychology

Gestalt - goodformGestalt

psychologistsbelieve that peoplenaturally seek outpatterns (wholes)in available sensoryinformation

Gestalt principles are relevant to cognitive

issues such as learning, memory, problem

solving and relationships.

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What is psychoanalysis?What is psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

Neurologist in late 18th

century Vienna

Psychoanalysisinsight therapy for fear& anxiety

unconscious

early childhood


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Watson wanted to bring psychology back to a focus on

scientific inquiry, and he felt that the only way to do that was to

ignore the whole consciousness issue and focus only on

observable behavior...He based a lot of his ideas on the work of

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (shown here).

-Page 10 (Ciccarelli & Meyer)

JOHN B. WATSON AND BEHAVIORISM

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Watson believed fearsare learned viaexperience.

Fear is learned when a neutral stimulus is pairedwith an aversive stimulus like a loud noise.

Of Babies and RatsOf Babies and Rats

Psychology NowPsychology Now


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Modern PerspectivesModern Perspectives1.4 What are the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives?

PsychodynamicPsychodynamic

BehavioralBehavioral

BiopsychologicalBiopsychological

CognitiveCognitive

SocioculturalSociocultural

EvolutionaryEvolutionary

HumanisticHumanistic


Focus on the

unconscious andearly development,not sex

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Modern PerspectivesModern Perspectives




CognitiveCognitive





Focus onoperantconditioning,punishmentandreinforcement

umanistic

perspective

umanistic

perspectivePeoplehavethe

freedomto

choosetheirown

destiny

free willhumanpotential

Bonsai tree animation by Augosto Flores


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CognitiveCognitive





Attribute human and animalbehavior to biological events

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CognitiveCognitive




CognitiveCognitive

Memory, intelligence,perception, learning, etc.

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CognitiveCognitive





Relationship between socialbehavior and culture


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CognitiveCognitive





Biological, mental traits sharedby all humans

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Types of Psychological ProfessionalsTypes of Psychological Professionals

Psychiatrist

Psychoanalyst

PsychiatricSocial Worker

Psychologist

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22

33

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1.6 How does a psychiatrist differ from a psychologist?

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Chapter 1-Student Notes 1

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