Chapter 1Chapter 1The North American The North American

ColoniesColonies

• Native American Peoples, Spain, and FranceNative American Peoples, Spain, and France

1. Native Americans Prior to European 1. Native Americans Prior to European ColonizationColonization

a. Migrated across a “land bridge” a. Migrated across a “land bridge” between between Siberia and Alaska Siberia and Alaska

b. Sophisticated civilizations advanced in b. Sophisticated civilizations advanced in art, art, science, technology, and agriculture. science, technology, and agriculture.

1. Mayas (300-900 AD)1. Mayas (300-900 AD)

2. Aztecs (1325-1519)2. Aztecs (1325-1519)

c. Native Americans within what is now c. Native Americans within what is now the the

United States-Culture based on United States-Culture based on geography. geography.

NATIVE AMERICANSNATIVE AMERICANS•Developed their cultures Developed their cultures in response to their in response to their environmentenvironment

d. Native Americans:d. Native Americans:

1. Very religious1. Very religious

2. Land was not something that 2. Land was not something that could could be owned. be owned.

3. Land was to be treated with 3. Land was to be treated with respectrespect

2. Spanish and French Colonization2. Spanish and French Colonization

a. Christopher Columbus-1492a. Christopher Columbus-1492

b. Conquistadors-God, Glory, Goldb. Conquistadors-God, Glory, Gold

c. Impact of Spanish colonies in c. Impact of Spanish colonies in AmericaAmerica

d. French in Americand. French in American

1. Quebec-16081. Quebec-1608

2. Fur Trade2. Fur Trade

3. Relationship with Native 3. Relationship with Native Americans Americans

• English Colonies in AmericaEnglish Colonies in America

1. Divided into 3 geographic regions.1. Divided into 3 geographic regions.

a. Southern Colonies: Virginia, Maryland, a. Southern Colonies: Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, and GeorgiaSouth Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia

b. New England Colonies: Massachusetts, b. New England Colonies: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New HampshireConnecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire

c. Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, c. Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

2. Two different kinds of colonies:2. Two different kinds of colonies:

a. Royal Colonies-Governed directly by the a. Royal Colonies-Governed directly by the king through a royal governor.king through a royal governor.

b. Proprietary Colonies-Granted to a group b. Proprietary Colonies-Granted to a group of private owners. Almost all would become of private owners. Almost all would become royal colonies.royal colonies.

3. Southern Colonies3. Southern Colonies

a. a. Jamestown-1607Jamestown-1607

1. The Virginia Company-1. The Virginia Company-Joint Joint

Stock CompanyStock Company

2. Early problems2. Early problems

3. Captain John Smith3. Captain John Smith

4. Difficulty getting going4. Difficulty getting going

5. John Rolfe and Tobacco5. John Rolfe and Tobacco

6. Headright System6. Headright System

b. Agricultural Southb. Agricultural South

1. Staple Crops-Tobacco, Rice, 1. Staple Crops-Tobacco, Rice, IndigoIndigo

2. Plantation System-Huge 2. Plantation System-Huge need for need for laborlabor

a. Indentured Servantsa. Indentured Servants

b. Slaveryb. Slavery

c. Southern Societyc. Southern Society

1. Gentry-Controls economics 1. Gentry-Controls economics and and politicspolitics

2. Private education2. Private education

4. New England Colonies4. New England Colonies

a. Religious dissent in Englanda. Religious dissent in England

1. Pilgrims-Plymouth Rock, 1. Pilgrims-Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts-1620. Massachusetts-1620.

SquantoSquanto

2. Puritans-Massachusetts Bay 2. Puritans-Massachusetts Bay colony-1630 colony-1630

3. Roger Williams and Anne 3. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson- Rhode Hutchinson- Rhode

Island.Island.

b. Economyb. Economy

1. Atlantic Ocean-1. Atlantic Ocean-Shipbuilding, Shipbuilding, trade, trade, fishing.fishing.

2. Triangular Trade2. Triangular Trade

3. Boston-Major urban center3. Boston-Major urban center

c. New England Societyc. New England Society

1. Puritan Church central part 1. Puritan Church central part of lifeof life

2. Puritans strong sense of 2. Puritans strong sense of faith, faith,

family, and community.family, and community.

3. Public Education3. Public Education

4. Salem Witch Trials4. Salem Witch Trials

5. Middle Colonies5. Middle Coloniesa. Economya. Economy 1. Depended on both farming and 1. Depended on both farming and commerce.commerce. 2. New York and Philadelphia-Urban 2. New York and Philadelphia-Urban centers with a variety of centers with a variety of businesses.businesses. 3. Important centers of trade and 3. Important centers of trade and

shipping product overseas.shipping product overseas.b. Society in the Middle Coloniesb. Society in the Middle Colonies 1. Diverse population1. Diverse population

2. William Penn the Quaker-2. William Penn the Quaker- Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

3. New York, the Dutch Colony3. New York, the Dutch Colony

4. Merchants-4. Merchants-

Craftsmen-Craftsmen-

unskilled laborunskilled labor

James, Duke of YorkJames, Duke of York

6. Colonial Government6. Colonial Government

a. Salutary Neglecta. Salutary Neglect

b. Colonial Government-Colonial b. Colonial Government-Colonial Governors Governors

Colonial legislaturesColonial legislatures

c. House of Burgessesc. House of Burgesses

d. Mayflower Compactd. Mayflower Compact

e. Town Meetingse. Town Meetings

f. Fundamental Orders of f. Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutConnecticut

7. Colonial Women7. Colonial Women

8. African-Americans and Slavery8. African-Americans and Slavery

a. As indentured Servantsa. As indentured Servants

b. Predominance of slavery in b. Predominance of slavery in AmericaAmerica

c. Middle Passagec. Middle Passage