Warm-up for 1-1

Suppose you moved to another state. What motivations might you have for moving? Why do people migrate from one region to another?

-Beringia- ancient land bridge in which people first came to the Americas

(caused by the Ice Age- spreading of glaciers)

-Migrations from ~22,000 - ~10,000 yrs ago

-Early Americans were big game hunters

-Agricultural revolution (10,000 5,000)

-maize (corn) -family could raise enough in 4 months to last 2 years

Effects

-reliable food supply

-population growth

-large communities

-specialization

-distinguished social

classes

-Nomadic- moving from

place to place

Olmec- Mesoamericas first known civilization builders. Possibly destroyed own monuments.

Mayan- Pyramid builders,

written language using hieroglyphics

Aztec- Human sacrifice

practiced for religious offerings

Inca-South American,

extensive road system linked 2500 mile empire

Anasazi- Four corners region, built impressive cliff dwellings

Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian- built large burial mounds and mounds shaped like animals

*Groups diverse as the environments in which they live in*

Northwest Indians-huge totem poles

potlatch-ceremony in which you gave away possessions (earning rank)

Southwest Indians-left cliffs for farmland

underground kivas- ceremonial chambers

Eastern Woodlands-villages in forests (Iroquois)

mix of farming and hunter/gatherer

All Share Characteristics 1. Trade networks-stretched across America 2. Land regarded as sacred- not to be sold 3. Natural world was filled w/ spirits 4. Kinship important- ties between family members

ensures tribal customs division of labor- assignment of tasks according to gender, age,

status

Warm-up for 1-3

What are some practices and beliefs that hold our country together as a people and a nation?

Isolated geographically, trade had connected Europe and Asia for centuries

Islam had spread to region through trade

Portuguese 1st Europeans to make contact along West African coast*

trade routes bypassed old routes across Sahara and forged new relationship

Portuguese began the trading of slaves and use of plantations

Plantation-farm on which a single crop, usually labor intensive, is grown on a large scale

West African Culture

lineage- line of common decent- formed basis of life in rural areas

political leaders claimed authority on the basis of religion

people supported themselves by farming, herding, hunting, fishing, & trading

tasks divided by age and social status

some societies had slaves-not a lifetime of servitude

Renaissance- rebirth

Prince Henry of Portugal launches era of expansion

Social and Family Structure

hierarchy- organized according to rank

nuclear family- immediate family most important

Crusades-encouraged exploration

-effects-

1. increased trade (Asia)

2. weakened power of nobles, strengthened monarchs

(monarchs needed money to maintain govt. and armies)

3. decreased power of the pope

Reformation- people sought religious freedom

Sailing Technology

compass and astrolabe (determined the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the noon altitude) used for navigation

caravel- sailed up wind, shallow keel

Warm-up for 1-5

Musical warm-up (Who discovered it?)

Pretend for a minute you are Christopher Columbus. How do you think he and his crew felt leaving Europe and venturing into the unknown with no guarantees of coming home? Do you think you would be willing to journey into the unknown?

Christopher Columbus- Italian, first explorer since Vikings to set foot in the Americas

Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

San Salvador (Holy Savior)

inhabitants called Taino

searching for gold

believed he had landed in islands off Asia, called people Indian

Europeans bring disease and the system of colonization- est. of distant settlements controlled by a parent country

diseases- measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, typhus

disease reduces native workforce- settlers turn to Africa for slaves

Effects of Columbuss voyages 1. merchants and monarchs saw opportunity 2. commoners saw social and economic freedom 3. Columbian Exchange- transporting of plants and animals from west to east

and east to west Treaty of Tordesillas- (1494) agreement to divide Western Hemisphere

between Spain and Portugal to prevent war *did not work*

A new multicultural free society will eventually be born