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Chapter 10 Chemical Compounds Ch 10 Sec 1: Ionic and Covalent
Compounds
Vocabulary ionic compound covalent compound Ionic Compounds Ionic
compound formed from ionic bonds
Formed from metal and non-metal Ionic Compounds Properties
Brittleness
Due to crystal lattice structure Ionic Compounds Properties High
melting points Due to strong bonds
Ionic compounds solid at room temp Ionic Compounds Properties
Solubility and Electrical Conductivity
Ions of the compound want to bond with water, so they break apart
Since positive and negative ions are in water, the water solution
conducts electricity now. Covalent Compounds Formed from covalent
bonds
Non-metal and non-metal bonding together Sharing valence electrons
Covalent Compounds Properties Most are not soluble in water
Oil and water Covalent Compounds Properties Low melting
points
Weaker bonds, so easier to break Covalent Compounds Properties
Electrical Conductivity
Most are NOT conductive Some do form ions when dissolved in water
Ch 10 Sec 2: Acids and Bases Vocabulary acid indicator base Acids
and their Properties
Sour taste Changes the color of indicators Litmus test paper
Bromthmol blue Litmus = standard to judge against React with metals
Acids and their Properties
Conducts electric Current Breaks apart in water Forms ions Ions
have charges Acids and their Properties
Uses of Acids Sulfuric acid: paper, paint, detergent, fertilizers
Nitric acid:fertilizer, rubber, plastic Hydrochloric acid:swimming
pool cleaner, separates metals Citric acid: juices and soda Acetic
acid: vinegar Bases and their Properties
Bases have. bitter taste Slippery feel Conduct electricity Bases
and their properties
Change color of an indicator Base:Red paper blue Bases and Their
Properties
Uses of Bases Soap and most cleaners Paper Drain cleaner Bleach
toothpaste Antacids Ch 10 Sec 3: Solutions of acid &
bases
Vocabulary neutralization reaction pH salt Strengths of Acids and
Bases
Strong Versus Weak Acid Strength refers to number of molecules that
break apart when dissolved in water Strong acids break apart more
than weak acids Forms H ion Strong bases break apart more than weak
bases Forms OH ion Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
Reaction between acid and base is a neutralization reaction
Waterand saltis formed Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
pH Scale potential of hydronium ion( acid ) 1to6.9 = acid 7 =
neutral 7.1 to 14 =base Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
pH affects the environment some plants need acid (pine trees) Some
plants need basic soil (lettuce) Most water animals need neutral pH
Acid rain has pH of Salts By product of acid/base reaction
Salt = positive ions from a metal with negative ions from a non
metal