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Chapter 10 Immune system Chapter 10 Immune system.

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Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Immune system Immune system
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Page 1: Chapter 10 Immune system Chapter 10 Immune system.

Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Immune system Immune system

Page 2: Chapter 10 Immune system Chapter 10 Immune system.

1. Components1. Components

1)  Cells

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① Lymphocyte: a. T-lymphocytes: • cytotoxic T cell: Tc C- kill the tumor cell,

virus infective cell and foreign cell• helper T cell: Th C- promotes activity of

BLC and Tc C• suppressor T cell: Ts C –regulate the fu

nction of BLC and TCb. B-lymphocytes: become into plasma cel

lc. NK cell: counteract virus infective cell a

nd tumor cell

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②Plasma cell③antigen presenting

cell: a. dendritic cell: • Blood DC• Langerhans cell• interstitial cell• veiled cell• interdigitating cellb.macrophage: Mononuclear phagocyti

c system

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④other cells: • granulated cell• mast cell• blood platelet• blood-borne stem cell*Function: i.      immunologic defence functionii.     immune surveillance functioniii.    immune homeostasis

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2)     Lymphoid tissue

---reticular T:

• reticular cell: stellate-shaped with processes to form network

• reticular fiber

---lymphocytes, macrophage,

plasma cell

and mast cell

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a. Diffuse LT:

• no clear boundary

• mainly consists of TLC

• postcapillary venules:

-high endothelial venules

-opening for LC enter LT from blood

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b. Lymphoid nodule:

• spherical or ovoid

• have clear boundaries

• mainly composed of BLC

• germinal center: stained pale

* primary LN → secondary LN

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3) Lymphoid organs

a. Central lymphoid organs:

thymus, bone marrow• developed earlier• blood-borne stem cell comes from yolk sac• microenvironment → proliferation

promoting• send LC to PLD and LT two weeks before

borne

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b. Peripheral lymphoid organs: lymph node, spleen and palatine tonsil

• developed later

• LC come from CLO

• cell proliferation need antigen stimulating - antigen dependent

• place for immune reactions

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2.thymus2.thymus

1) Structure of thymus ---capsule: CT→interlobular septum ---cortex: dark-staining ---medulla: lighter-staining ---consists of thymic epithelial cell, thymic

stromal cell and thymocytes

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thymusthymus

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1)cortex:

---thymic epithelial cell (epithelial reticular cell):

• subcapsular epithelial cell:

/flattened

/secret β 2-microglobulin, thymosin and thymopoietin

• interdigitation dendritic cell:

/more processes

/MHC antigen

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---thymocyte:

different stages of LC

• large LC (prethymocyte): superfacial cortex

• common thymocyte: deep cortex- 85-90%

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2) medulla: ---epithelial reticula

r cell• medullary epitheli

al cell: secret thymosin

• thymic corpuscle epithelial cell

---thymocyte, macrophage

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thymic corpuscle: /spherical or ovoid, 30-50um in D /concentrically-arranged epithelial reticular cells /peripheral cell: inmature /near centra: mature /center cell: keratinased-eosinophilic, hyalinised, with invading of macrophage, eosinophil and LC /function: unknown

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3) Blood-thymus barrier:

---Components• contineous endothelial cell• complete basement membra

ne of endothelium• peri-vessel space containing

macrophage• basal lamina of epithelial reti

cular cell• processes of epithelial reticul

ar cell

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---Function

provide a stable environment for lymphocytes development

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4) Thymus function:

a. Place for mature and differentiation of TLC

b. Immune regulation

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3. Lymph node3. Lymph node

---widely distributed

---in groups

---ovoid or kidney-shaped with hilum

---afferent and efferent lymphatic vessel

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1) Structure

---capsule: CT, trabeculae or septa

---cortex: outer densely-stained part

---medulla: inner paler-stained part

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①Cortex:

a. superfacial cortex:

---lymphoid N: • BLC, Macrophage, Th, FDC• primary LN → secondary LN

*germinal center: central pale area

/dark zone: large, immature BLC, Th

/light zone: medium-sized BLC, Th, macrophage, FDC

/cap: small BLC

---diffuse LT: thin layer

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FDC: (follicular dendritic cell)• light zone• no expression of MHC-II molecules (major his

tocompatibility complexes)• have Fc receptor and C3 receptor: collect the

antigen-antibody complexes and transfer them to BLC and Th C

• function:

i. active the BLC

ii. regulate the synthesis of antibody

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b.Paracortex zone-deep cortex unit

---diffuse LT:• TLC, Marcophage, Th cell• interdigitating cell: DC cell -more processes -N: irregular -less organelle -express MHC-II

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• postcapillary venules:

-thick endothelial cell

-LC within the wall

-opening for LC enter LN

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c. Cortical sinus---subcapsular sinus: afferent LV enter---peritrabecular sinusstructure: • endothelium • RF and RC • cavity: -endothelial cell: stellate for support -macrophage: filter lymph -veiled cell: Langerhans cell ( phagocytose

antigen) → efferent LV → LN → paracortex zone

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②Medulla

---medullary cord: LT cord:

/BLC, plasma cell, macrophage, mast cell

/postcapillary venules: channel

---medullary sinus:

/similar to cortical sinus and connect with cortical sinus

/more macrophage

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③Passage of Lymph in LN

afferent LV →subcapsular sinuses→peritrabecular sinuses→(narrow channel) →medullary sinus→efferent LV

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3)      Functions:

a.Filter the lymph

b.Place to give rise to the immune response

c. Involve in the recirculation of LC

*Recirculation of LC: • LC (blood) →postcapillary venules → LN →

medulla → efferent LV → Blood →LN artery → postcapillary venules →LN

• Time: 24-48h

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4. Spleen4. Spleen1) Structure

---capsule: thick DCT with SM and mesothelium, also form trabeculae

---white pulp

---marginal zone

---red pulp

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① White pulp: • 1-2mm gray-white spots• periarterial lymphatic sheath: -central artery -diffuse LT : TLC, macrophage, interdigitating

cell• splenic corpuscle: -BLC, macrophage, FDC -lymphoid nodules

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② Marginal zone: • 100um width• TLC, BLC, macrophage, less erythrocyte• marginal sinus: central artery’s branch- cha

nnel for antigen and LC enter LT• place: capture recognize and induce immun

e reaction

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③ Red pulp: a. splenic cord: • LT cord• BLC, DC. M, TC , erythrocytes• place: filter bloodb. splenic sinus: • Blood sinus; 12-14um• endothelial cell: rod-liked, gap• RT• basal lamina: incomplete• M-more

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Page 39: Chapter 10 Immune system Chapter 10 Immune system.

2) Blood supply of spleen

splenic A→trabecular A→central A branches → marginal sinuses

penicillar Arterioles (including: pulp arteriole→ sheathed capillary→ arterial capillary) → splenic sinus→ pulp venule→ trabecular vein→ splenic vein

Page 40: Chapter 10 Immune system Chapter 10 Immune system.

3) Function:

a. filter the blood

b. immune reaction

c. production of blood in fetus

d. blood storage: 40 ml

Page 41: Chapter 10 Immune system Chapter 10 Immune system.

5.5. TonsilTonsil(Study by yourself)(Study by yourself)

---palatine tonsil

---pharyngeal tonsil

---lingual tonsil

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1) palatine: ---structure: • Stratified squamous epi: invaginated t

o form many crypts• Epithelium of crypt contain LC, PC, Ma

and Langerhans cell• Space and channel between epi.cell: o

pening to crypt epi. surface, LC filling the channel- lymphoepithelial tissue

• Lamina propria: Diffuse LT and LN

THE END

谢 谢 !


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