Chapter 10Chapter 10

Section 3Section 3

By 1784 By 1784 Americans had Americans had established trade established trade with China, and by with China, and by the 1790’s, New the 1790’s, New Englanders traded Englanders traded all along the Pacific all along the Pacific Northwest.Northwest.

Traders also Traders also traded w/ the traded w/ the Barbary Barbary States, States, northern northern nations along nations along the African the African continent.continent.

The The problem problem

was was

pirates!pirates!

History of Barbary TradeHistory of Barbary Trade

Pre-Revolution:Pre-Revolution: BritainBritain paid the tribute (bribes) that paid the tribute (bribes) that the Barbary nations the Barbary nations demanded to keep pirates demanded to keep pirates from stealing ships and from stealing ships and cargo.cargo.

During American During American Revolution:Revolution: FranceFrance, our , our ally, paid the tribute.ally, paid the tribute.

Washington’s Presidency:Washington’s Presidency: Jefferson, Sec. of State, Jefferson, Sec. of State, tried to get a coalition of tried to get a coalition of nations together to quit nations together to quit paying the tribute. paying the tribute.

They refused. They refused. Each country, Each country, including the including the U.S., paid. U.S., paid.

AdamsAdams paid almost 1/5 of paid almost 1/5 of our entire budget to the our entire budget to the corsairs, and still American corsairs, and still American sailors were kidnapped and sailors were kidnapped and ransomed!ransomed!

When Jefferson became When Jefferson became President, he quit paying. President, he quit paying.

Instead, he imposed his Instead, he imposed his own own blockadeblockade..

Congress would not declare Congress would not declare war.war.

The The PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia ran aground ran aground on a sandbar on a sandbar off Tripoli. We off Tripoli. We surrendered surrendered the ship and the ship and 307 men.307 men.

He sent Lt. He sent Lt. Stephen Stephen Decatur to Decatur to burn our burn our ship in the ship in the harbor.harbor.

They killed 20 They killed 20 pirates in 20 pirates in 20 minutes, & minutes, & escaped the escaped the harbor safely.harbor safely.

American ships bombarded American ships bombarded Tripoli on several occasions, Tripoli on several occasions, but when the marines hit, a but when the marines hit, a treaty was reached. treaty was reached.

After the War of 1812, After the War of 1812, during Madison’s during Madison’s Presidency, we were Presidency, we were threatened by Algiers, and threatened by Algiers, and formally declared hostilities. formally declared hostilities.

Decatur led an Decatur led an incredible incredible attack that took attack that took 486 prisoners. 486 prisoners. No more tribute No more tribute would ever be would ever be paid to the paid to the Barbary States.Barbary States.

Other naval problemsOther naval problems

Britain impressed U. S. sailors Britain impressed U. S. sailors for service in their navy, and for service in their navy, and France also took ships.France also took ships.

Jefferson imposed the Jefferson imposed the Embargo Act, (no foreign Embargo Act, (no foreign trade) hoping to cut off their trade) hoping to cut off their supplies.supplies.

$108 $108 millionmillion

It hurt our It hurt our economy economy more than it more than it did theirs.did theirs.

$22 million

EXPORTS

Some Americans turned to Some Americans turned to smuggling.smuggling.

Realizing the Embargo Act Realizing the Embargo Act had failed, Congress had failed, Congress replaced it w/ the replaced it w/ the Nonintercourse Act.Nonintercourse Act.

America could trade w/ all America could trade w/ all except England and France.except England and France.

18081808After After

Jefferson’s 2 Jefferson’s 2 terms, terms, Madison Madison (Rep.) (Rep.) became became President.President.

Section 4Section 4

Natives were unhappy w/ Natives were unhappy w/ white settlers moving in.white settlers moving in.

Section 4Section 4

Tecumseh and his brother, Tecumseh and his brother, The Prophet, believed that The Prophet, believed that whites were corrupting the whites were corrupting the culture and values of culture and values of Indians.Indians.

Section 4Section 4

They They organized organized several several tribes in tribes in resistance.resistance.

William Henry William Henry Harrison, Gov. Harrison, Gov. of the Indiana of the Indiana Territory, Territory, defeated The defeated The Prophet at the Prophet at the Battle of Battle of Tippecanoe. Tippecanoe.

(Harrison (Harrison later later became our became our 99thth President)President)

Building toward war w/BritainBuilding toward war w/Britain

They were helping the They were helping the IndiansIndians

They would not respect our They would not respect our neutrality, and they did not neutrality, and they did not jump at our trade offer.jump at our trade offer.

Building toward war w/BritainBuilding toward war w/Britain

War Hawks said Britain was War Hawks said Britain was treating us like a colony.treating us like a colony.

War War Hawks Hawks were led were led by Henry by Henry Clay Clay (Kentucky)(Kentucky)

Building toward war w/BritainBuilding toward war w/Britain

They wanted to take Canada They wanted to take Canada and Florida.and Florida.

They said settlers would be They said settlers would be safe without Brits goading safe without Brits goading the Indians.the Indians.

Congress declared war in Congress declared war in June of 1812.June of 1812.

Section 5Section 5

Reduced spending on the Reduced spending on the military during Jefferson’s military during Jefferson’s administration left us administration left us needing volunteers.needing volunteers.

The British navy was superior, The British navy was superior, but we had success w/ ships but we had success w/ ships like the like the USS ConstitutionUSS Constitution..

The fight for CanadaThe fight for Canada

Brock (Br.) suckered Hull Brock (Br.) suckered Hull (Am.) into retreat across the (Am.) into retreat across the border from Detroit.border from Detroit.

The fight for CanadaThe fight for Canada

Oliver Hazard Perry (Am) Oliver Hazard Perry (Am) battled heroically at Lake battled heroically at Lake Erie. Erie.

His quote: We have met the His quote: We have met the enemy, and they are ours.enemy, and they are ours.

The fight for CanadaThe fight for Canada

Harrison pushed back Brits Harrison pushed back Brits and Indian allies from and Indian allies from Detroit to win the Battle of Detroit to win the Battle of the Thames.the Thames.

To the SouthTo the South

The Cherokees The Cherokees helped Andrew helped Andrew Jackson’s Jackson’s troops defeat troops defeat the Creeks at the Creeks at Horseshoe Horseshoe Bend.Bend.

The British Advance on WashingtonThe British Advance on WashingtonBrits came in from the Brits came in from the

Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. They set fire to the White House.They set fire to the White House.

The British Advance on The British Advance on WashingtonWashington

Dolly Madison was able to Dolly Madison was able to save the portrait of George save the portrait of George Washington before she fled Washington before she fled to safety.to safety.

The British Advance on The British Advance on WashingtonWashington

They marched north to They marched north to Baltimore and Ft. McHenry, Baltimore and Ft. McHenry, where Frances Scott Key where Frances Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled wrote “The Star Spangled Banner.”Banner.”

MeanwhileMeanwhile

Philadelphia-Richard Allen Philadelphia-Richard Allen and Absalom James recruited and Absalom James recruited men to fortify the city.men to fortify the city.

MeanwhileMeanwhile

Hartford, Connecticut- Hartford, Connecticut- Federalists met to protest war Federalists met to protest war and possibly secede from the and possibly secede from the Union.Union.

A decisive victory, but two weeks A decisive victory, but two weeks late….late….

Andrew Jackson took Andrew Jackson took Spanish Pensacola and Spanish Pensacola and Mobile to get ready for battle Mobile to get ready for battle in New Orleans.in New Orleans.

A decisive victory, but two weeks A decisive victory, but two weeks late….late….

He enlisted help of He enlisted help of Choctaws, African-Choctaws, African-Americans, and N.O. citizens Americans, and N.O. citizens to win big in the Big Easy.to win big in the Big Easy.

Treaty of Ghent ended the WarTreaty of Ghent ended the War

Nothing really settledNothing really settledCanada still BritishCanada still British

Treaty of Ghent ended the WarTreaty of Ghent ended the War

The good thing-Americans The good thing-Americans felt they had gained respect felt they had gained respect as a nation and had a as a nation and had a national pridenational pride

Treaty of Ghent ended the WarTreaty of Ghent ended the War

Heroes like Heroes like Harrison Harrison and and Jackson Jackson later later became became PresidentsPresidents

William Henry William Henry Harrison won Harrison won the presidency the presidency in 1840 with in 1840 with the slogan, the slogan, “Tippecanoe “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too.” and Tyler Too.” This refers to This refers to his participation his participation in the Battle of in the Battle of Tippecanoe in Tippecanoe in 1811. One year 1811. One year later, he died.later, he died.

From then, until the election of Ronald From then, until the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980, every president elected in a Reagan in 1980, every president elected in a year ending in a zero died while serving their year ending in a zero died while serving their term. term.

The years and presidents who suffered this curse were: 1840 (W Harrison - natural causes), 1860 (Lincoln - shot), 1880 (Garfield - shot), 1900 (McKinley - shot), 1920 (Harding - natural causes), 1940 (F Roosevelt - natural causes) and 1960 (Kennedy - shot). Interestingly, an assassination attempt was aimed at Reagan - had it succeeded, he would have died before the end of his first term.