CHAPTER 10—THE AMERICA OF WASHINGTON & ADAMS

THE AMERICAN SCENE

-90% RURAL -95% LIVE EAST OF APPALACHIA NEW STATES—TENN, KENTUCKY, OHIO

AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON’S 1ST TERM

1789 UNANIMOUS CHOICE FOR PRES. NEEDS ADVISORS—DEVELOPS THE CABINET

SEC. OF STATE—JEFFERSON SEC. OF TREASURY-HAMILTON SEC. OF WAR-KNOX

SUPREME COURT CHIEF JUSTICE—JOHN JAY FED. JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789—DESIGNS FED. COURT

SYSTEM

BILL OF RIGHTS

Promised to the anti-Federalists in return for ratification 1791—1st 10 amendments

Amendments can be either:a-proposed by 2/3 vote of Congress

Orb-state constitutional conventions propose and pass them with 2/3 vote

-Madison—fears state conventions will not approve all 10 amendments9th amendment-All rights not listed in constitution are given to the people

10th amendment-rights not delegated to the federal gov’t is given to the states

ECONOMIC PLANS OF HAMILTON REPORT ON PUBLIC CREDIT

US DEBT $54 MILL STATE DEBT $20 MIL

PLAN #1 ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTS Why do this??

Plan Part #2-

REPAYMENT OF ALL DEBTS BY FEDERAL GOV’TFUND NEW DEBT BY EXCHANGING EXISTING BONDS WITH NEW

BONDS AT A HIGHER RATE--BANKERS/MERCHANTS MAINLY HOLD BONDS

***passed only with a bargain between Jefferson & Hamilton VA—gets to have capital “District of Columbia” in return for votes for

debt assumption

ECONOMIC PLANSPART 2 NATIONAL BANK

HAMILTON USE “NECESSARY & PROPER” CLAUSE “ELASTIC CLAUSE” BANK STARTED BY $2 MILL FROM FED GOV’T

WITH PRIVATE INVESTOR $

WHY IS THIS NECESSARY????

ECONOMICS PART 3

1789 PROTECTIVE TARIFF

8% TAX ON IMPORTED GOODS

HURT FARMERS

--WHISKEY REBELLION 1794

Washington uses military

Washington’s Foreign Policy

Washington’s 2nd term 1789 French Revolution 1793 Reign of Terror

Federalists fear an “American Reign of Terror”-Dem-Republicans (anti-Feds) want to honorFranco-American Alliance of 1778

1793—War between Britain & France

NEUTRALITY PROCLAMATION

Precedent setting Why does the US need to stay out of problems with

France & Britain??

FOREIGN POLICY PROBLEMS Citizen Genet Incident Battle of Fallen Timbers (Michigan)

Gen.“Mad Anthony” Wayne vs. NW Indian tribes Tribes had British guns

Treaty of Grenville 1794 Impressment of US sailors by French and British navy

Jay’s Treaty 1794 Pay damages for American ships No promise to stop impressment, seizures or arms Leave fur posts in NW; US still owes Brits $; pay debts incurred before

revolution

Pickney’s Treaty 1794/5With Spain—free navigation on Miss. River & gain land north of FloridaWhy does Spain give this to the US??

Washington’s Farewell

Precedent setting Stay neutral 2 term president Cabinet for advice Political parties are bad for the country

ELECTION OF 1796

ADAMS—Federalist JEFFERSON-Dem.-Republican party

71-68 in electoral college Jefferson becomes Adams VP

12th Amendment 1804 Pres/VP need be from the same party

ADAMS AS PRESIDENT

1795-Hamilton resigns “High Federalists” want war with France-not a part of Adams Administration in 1797PROBLEM WITH FRANCE1-dislike Jay’s Treaty2-French ships seize US warships-2 year

undeclared war with France3-XYZ affair 1797

Adams—starts Navy, Marine Corps, &increases $ for ships

ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS

-anti-French, Federalist laws

1-increase residency requirements from 5 to 15 years

2-Pres can deport dangerous immigrants

3-Sedition—can’t criticize (verbal & written)

President or gov’t

4*expires in 1801 so it doesn’t hurt chances in the next election

VA AND KY RESOLUTIONS

Madison & Jefferson’s response to Alien & Sedition Acts “compact theory” of gov’t (contract with people) Federalists-exceeded their power

States and people can “nullify” laws they believe to be unconstitutional

CONVENTION OF 1800

Napoleon tries to make peace with US -pay for damages Annul-Franco-American agreement of 1778

Adams’ legacy— Kept US out of war!!