Chapter 11
Meet Matter
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What is matter?Matter is anything that
1. Has mass and
2. Takes up space (has volume)
Biological PropertiesCharacteristics of matter that are unique to living things
Physical PropertiesAny property of matter that can be observed by your senses without changing the composition of the matter
For example you don’t have to change what an apple is made of to see that it’s red or to hold it in your hand
Physical PropertiesYou rely on physical properties all the time to identify or describe matter
Are your socks clean? (odor)Can you fit all your books into your book bag? (volume)
Does your shirt match your pants? (color)
And many, many others
Chemical PropertiesAny property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties
Chemical Properties Example: Piece of wood can be burned to
create new substances (ash and smoke) with properties different from the original piece of wood.
You can also observe chemical properties with your senses but they aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties.
Some chemical properties include flammability (ability to burn), reactivity with oxygen, reactivity with acid, and reactivity with water. (Reactivity just means that when 2 substances get
together, something can happen.)
Think/Pair/ShareWhat are the two properties of all matter?
What is the difference between physical and chemical properties?
With a PartnerPlay a game of 20 Questions. One person will think of an object and the other person will ask yes/no questions about it. Write the questions down in your notebook as you go along. Put a check mark next to the questions asked about physical properties. When the object is identified or when the 20 questions are up, switch roles.
What would you say?If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person?
MatterAnything that has mass and takes up space
Is Air Matter?
MoleculeThe smallest particle of a substance, such as water, that is still identified as that substance
States of Matter Easily observed physical property of
matter. At ordinary temperatures, all matter
exists in one of three states.1- Solid2- Liquid3- Gas
In each of these states the molecules of the material behave in different ways.
States of matter
States of Matter The state of matter of a substance
depends on how fast the particles move and how strongly the particles are attracted to each other.
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Physical change
Any change in matter that does not change the chemical properties of the matter.
For example, if you break a piece of chalk in two, you change the physical properties of size and shape. The chemical properties of the chalk remain unchanged.
Chemical changeA change in matter in which one substance is converted into another substance
Some examples: rusting, effervescent tablets, soured milk, burning
Chemical Properties vs. Chemical Changes
Chemical properties determine how substances interact with each other, while chemical changes are the result of the interaction
In other words: Chemical properties can result in chemical changes.