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Chapter 11: Agricutlrue Chapter 11: Agricutlrue
By Gabe A.By Gabe A.
Hey!
What is Agriculture? What is Agriculture?
The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming.
Or…
The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming.
Or…
Organic Agriculture Organic Agriculture
The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrial produced pesticides and fertilizers
The Healthy way
The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrial produced pesticides and fertilizers
The Healthy way
The Levels of Economic Activities
The Levels of Economic Activities
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Quinary
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Quinary
Core vs. Periphery Core vs. Periphery The core is rich and
uses machines with little amounts of people employed
The Periphery is not and uses hands to produce and almost all people are employed
The core is rich and uses machines with little amounts of people employed
The Periphery is not and uses hands to produce and almost all people are employed
Graph
G C
Back in the day…Back in the day…
Hunting and Gathering was the way to go Those that lived near bigger sources of food
grew the most
Hunting and Gathering was the way to go Those that lived near bigger sources of food
grew the most
A little bit later but still back in the day…
A little bit later but still back in the day…
They started with just a club
Then used spears
They started with just a club
Then used spears
A little later then before but still back in the day…
A little later then before but still back in the day…
Fire was invented by rubbing two sticks together, and the campfire became a symbol of community
Fire was invented by rubbing two sticks together, and the campfire became a symbol of community
Still there…NomadsStill there…Nomads
They would migrate to follow fish or another animal, usually chasing one animal during the spring like salmon and then another during the winter like deer
They would migrate to follow fish or another animal, usually chasing one animal during the spring like salmon and then another during the winter like deer
The First Agricultural EvolutionThe First Agricultural Evolution
According to Carl Suer only happened in places of Plenty
First time people began to settle down and create their own places
According to Carl Suer only happened in places of Plenty
First time people began to settle down and create their own places
Plant Domestication Plant Domestication
The taming of wild plants in order to grow them for the benefit of one’s self
Sauer believed it first happened in South and Southeast Asia
Root crops were the first and they were harvested by cultivating the roots
The taming of wild plants in order to grow them for the benefit of one’s self
Sauer believed it first happened in South and Southeast Asia
Root crops were the first and they were harvested by cultivating the roots
Seed Crops Seed Crops
They came next and they involved planting a seed
Took place in more then one area around the same time
Nile River Valley
They came next and they involved planting a seed
Took place in more then one area around the same time
Nile River Valley
Seed Selection and Use Seed Selection and Use
People would only pick the biggest seeds In warmer places like south Asia they used
wheat and Barley but in places like Mesotopia they grew tropical stuff
People would only pick the biggest seeds In warmer places like south Asia they used
wheat and Barley but in places like Mesotopia they grew tropical stuff
Old Mcdonald had a farm…Animal Domestication
Old Mcdonald had a farm…Animal Domestication
Animals would be taken into communities as pets, for protection, or ceremonial purposes
When in captivity the animals lose their physical features that would protect them in the wild
Animals would be taken into communities as pets, for protection, or ceremonial purposes
When in captivity the animals lose their physical features that would protect them in the wild
Ei Ei Ei o…Continued Ei Ei Ei o…Continued
Animals were sometimes domesticated at the same time like the water buffalo
They were useful and continue to be useful
Animals were sometimes domesticated at the same time like the water buffalo
They were useful and continue to be useful
Places of Agriculture Places of Agriculture
Central China was one and a place in West Africa, Mesoamerica, and northern Europe
But from these places crops were spread around by people through transportation
Central China was one and a place in West Africa, Mesoamerica, and northern Europe
But from these places crops were spread around by people through transportation
China
Subsistence Agriculture Subsistence Agriculture
Growing only enough food to survive Practiced mainly in the periphery countries The farmers share
the land
Growing only enough food to survive Practiced mainly in the periphery countries The farmers share
the land
Continued Continued
Shifting Cultivation-the movement of subsistence farmers to find better land
They plant in one place and grow until there are to many people and then those people move somewhere else
Shifting Cultivation-the movement of subsistence farmers to find better land
They plant in one place and grow until there are to many people and then those people move somewhere else
Slash it and burn it, that’s what I want to do
Slash it and burn it, that’s what I want to do
Slash and burn agriculture is cutting down trees and then burning it to make a field for agriculture
Slash and burn agriculture is cutting down trees and then burning it to make a field for agriculture
Second Industrial Evolution Second Industrial Evolution
Happened during the industrial revolution
With all the people moving to factories they needed to find a way to produce a surplus
Happened during the industrial revolution
With all the people moving to factories they needed to find a way to produce a surplus
Graph
Surplus
B A
New technologies and ideas New technologies and ideas
The seed drill Trains Tractors and other
things Fenced in land
The seed drill Trains Tractors and other
things Fenced in land
Von Thünen Von Thünen
German raised Looked at his town and
how it was organized, then applied it to other towns and made a model
German raised Looked at his town and
how it was organized, then applied it to other towns and made a model
Model Model Ranching, Livestock
Extensive Field crops, Grains
Forest
Market Gardening and dairy
Central City
Aspects of the ModelAspects of the Model
Based on distance and transportation costs Not exact for all places of the world Occurs on global scale as well with
Caribbean flowers being sold in New York
Based on distance and transportation costs Not exact for all places of the world Occurs on global scale as well with
Caribbean flowers being sold in New York
The Third Agricultural Revolution
The Third Agricultural Revolution
Green Revolution Inventions of new types of seeds and
technologies that allows greater output Cured famine from lack of production
Green Revolution Inventions of new types of seeds and
technologies that allows greater output Cured famine from lack of production
Cool Ideas
Continued Continued
Some say it failed and that it has just lowered diversity, increased vulnerability of plants and not affected everyone of the world
Some say it failed and that it has just lowered diversity, increased vulnerability of plants and not affected everyone of the world
Genetically Modified FoodsGenetically Modified Foods Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-
also known as genetically modified crops Grow faster and have a bigger yield
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-also known as genetically modified crops
Grow faster and have a bigger yield
Survey Systems Survey Systems The way land is
organized Different regions
use different types of survey systems Rectangular Township-and-
range Metes and Bounds Long Lot
The way land is organized
Different regions use different types of survey systems Rectangular Township-and-
range Metes and Bounds Long Lot
Rectangular Rectangular
Organized in Rectangular way Located in the entire mid west and Texas
Organized in Rectangular way Located in the entire mid west and Texas
1 Mile
Township-and-Range Township-and-Range Like the rectangular system, one mile
sections are created Can be sold in quarters or halves Located in the mid west
Like the rectangular system, one mile sections are created
Can be sold in quarters or halves Located in the mid west
Metes and BoundsMetes and Bounds
Use of physical boundaries to make unequal farm plots
Located on eastern seaboards
Use of physical boundaries to make unequal farm plots
Located on eastern seaboards
Long Lot Long Lot
Narrow parcels of land that extend from rivers, roads, and canals
Mainly in Texas
Narrow parcels of land that extend from rivers, roads, and canals
Mainly in Texas
Villages Villages
People would live in the village and then farm the land outside
Farming the US or core Farming in the Periphery The barn is the center
People would live in the village and then farm the land outside
Farming the US or core Farming in the Periphery The barn is the center
Types Types
Linear Cluster Round Walled Grid
Linear Cluster Round Walled Grid
Commercial Agriculture Commercial Agriculture
Started many years ago in the 19th, and 18th century
Mass production of one thing like corn
Started many years ago in the 19th, and 18th century
Mass production of one thing like corn
Monoculture Monoculture
The dependency on one particular crop or livestock
The dependency on one particular crop or livestock
Corn
Koppen Climate Classifcation System
Koppen Climate Classifcation System
A map classifying all of the world climates
Classified by climate regions which are which are regions with similar climates
A map classifying all of the world climates
Classified by climate regions which are which are regions with similar climates
The World Map of
Agriculture
The World Map of
Agriculture
Cash Crops and Plantation Agriculture
Cash Crops and Plantation Agriculture
Countries owned by colonies are producing 1 to 2 crops that only benefit the government not them
Plantation Agriculture Most plantations owned by US and
European corporations They have a lot of influence, can overthrow
countries
Countries owned by colonies are producing 1 to 2 crops that only benefit the government not them
Plantation Agriculture Most plantations owned by US and
European corporations They have a lot of influence, can overthrow
countries
Cotton and RubberCotton and Rubber Two of the most influential crops in the
world Industries are located in Asian countries for
better work force Outsourcing
Two of the most influential crops in the world
Industries are located in Asian countries for better work force
Outsourcing
Luxury Crops Luxury Crops
The rich crops like tea, coffee, and tobacco
Brought to colonies by Europeans
Coffee production Fair Trade Second most valuable to
petroleum Produced in Latin America but
owned by foreign corporations Laborers paid low wages
The rich crops like tea, coffee, and tobacco
Brought to colonies by Europeans
Coffee production Fair Trade Second most valuable to
petroleum Produced in Latin America but
owned by foreign corporations Laborers paid low wages
Commercial Livestock, Fruit and Grain Agriculture
Commercial Livestock, Fruit and Grain Agriculture
•Dairying •Widespread through north•In North eastern Europe and us, special crops
•Market Gardens•Eastern and Southeastern US •Found in small areas where climate is favorable
•Mixed Livestock and crop farming •Widespread in more humid latitudes•Found in northern, and small areas of Latin America
•Commercial Grain Farming •Prevails in driers places •Like in wheat farming in Nebraska
Mediterranean Agriculture Mediterranean Agriculture
Takes place in areas where they have the dry Mediterranean summers
Wines, and olive oil High prices for these
goods
Takes place in areas where they have the dry Mediterranean summers
Wines, and olive oil High prices for these
goods
Italians!
Illegal Drugs Illegal Drugs
Some crops like Opium are turned into drugs
Some farmers see this as a great alternative and chose to do it
Marijuana controlled by Mexicans mostly
Some crops like Opium are turned into drugs
Some farmers see this as a great alternative and chose to do it
Marijuana controlled by Mexicans mostly
Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts
Fish depletion Soil Erosion Water pollution Herds deplete the
land
Fish depletion Soil Erosion Water pollution Herds deplete the
land
Agribusiness Agribusiness
All of the business that supports agriculture All of the business that supports agriculture
Government Involvement Government Involvement
Governments give money to subsistence farmers to help them
Communist governments have tried sectioning off land Collectivation
Governments give money to subsistence farmers to help them
Communist governments have tried sectioning off land Collectivation
The Main Ideas The Main Ideas
Agriculture is a major part of our lives and it will be for years to come
Without it there would be no business or industry
Agriculture is a major part of our lives and it will be for years to come
Without it there would be no business or industry
FinFin