Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes

527

850s

1054

1240

11CHAPTER

Time Line

500 1500

HOME

1480

Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500

Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire.

Byzantine culture spreads to Russia.

Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and Orthodox branches.

Kiev destroyed by Mongols.

Ivan III ends Mongol control of Russia.

I. A New Rome in a New Setting

A. Constantine planned

Constantinople as the new capitol of the

New Empire

The Fall of Constantinople, 1453

B. The west began to decline while the east

began to prosper

C. Justinian : A New Line of Caesars

1. Both empires divided in 395

2. 527 Justinian takes over

3. In 533 Justinian sends out his best

general Belisarius to reconquer the Roman

Empire

a. Able to control from Spain, across North Africa to the

Eastern Empire

D. The Absolute Power of the Emperors

1. Ruled with absolute power

2. Ruled over the State and Church

3. Appointed and dismissed bishops at

will

4. Emperors were under constant threat

of assassination

a. Of 88, 29 died violently, while 13

abdicated the throne (Left)

 

II. Building the New Rome

A. The people of the Byzantine Empire

thought of themselves as part of the Roman

tradition

Byzantine Empire

B. Began to drop Latin and spoke

Greek

C. Between 528 and 533 Justinian created

his Code of Laws

1. The Code contained nearly

5,000 Roman Laws

2. The Digest summarized Rome’s greatest law thinkers

3. The Institutes told law students how to

use the laws

4. The Novellae were new laws added after

534

D. Creating the Imperial Capital

1. Justinian had an ambitious public

building program

2. Constantinople had a 14 mile wall around

it

Constantinople Wall

3. Church building was a passion for him

a. Hagia Sophia ( Holy Wisdom)

E. Constantinople’s Hectic Pace

1. Main street was called the Mese

a. Merchants lined the street

b. Became an International city

2. Hippodrome citizens could enjoy free entertainment

a. Greek for Horse and racecourse

b. Held 60,000

3. Nika Rebellion Blues and Greens

a. Belisarius kills 30,000

b. Theodora , Justinians wife urged

him to stand

Theodora

III. Byzantium Preserves Learning

Byzantium

A. Families valued education

1. Sent children to monastic or public

schools

2. Subjects included;

a. Greek

b. Latin

c. Philosophy

d. Rhetoric

e. Classical text

IV. The Empire Confronts its Enemies

A. By 565 there were street riots, religious

quarrels, palace intrigues, andthreats from foreigners

B. The Mysterious Plague of Justinian

1. Disease that resembled the bubonic

plague

2. By 542 10,000 people a day were

dying

3. The plague broke out every 8 to 12

years until it died out in 700

C. Attacks from East and West

1. Germanic tribes attacked from the

west

a. Avars, Slavs, Bulgars

2. The Sassanid Persians attacked

from the East with help of the Muslims

a. Unsuccessful battles against

Constantinople

1. 626, 674, 717, 860, 1043

b. In 1204 western Crusaders conquer Constantinople in

1204eventually causing the Empire to fall to the Muslims or Ottoman

Turks in 1453

V. The Church Divides

A. Two early church fathers

1. Saint Basil 357 wrote rules for monks

in the east

St. Basil

2. Saint John Chrysostom became the first Patriarch

B. The west bans the use of icons

1. Iconoclasts destroyed icons in the

church

2. In 843 an empress by the name of

Theodora restored the icons to eastern

churches

C. One Western Pope ordered the

excommunication of a Byzantine Emperor

D. In 1054 the Great Schism when the

Pope and Patriarch excommunicate each

other

E. Byzantine Missionaries Convert

the Slavs

1. Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril

converted the slavs

Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril

2. In the 9th century the Cyrillic alphabet was introduced and became the alphabet

of the Russian

Russian/Cyrillic Alphabet