Chapter 12Chapter 12Cardiovascular and Cardiovascular and Respiratory HealthRespiratory Health

Your Cardiovascular Your Cardiovascular SystemSystem

Chapter 12 Section 1Chapter 12 Section 1

Main Parts of the Cardiovascular Main Parts of the Cardiovascular

SystemSystem

Functions of the Functions of the Cardiovascular systemCardiovascular system

Delivering MaterialsDelivering Materials

For example: Blood For example: Blood picks up glucose picks up glucose from the digestive from the digestive system and takes it system and takes it to the cells for to the cells for energy.energy.

It also delivers It also delivers oxygen to the cells.oxygen to the cells.

Removing WastesRemoving Wastes

BBlood picks up the waste products in your cells lood picks up the waste products in your cells and transports them out of the body. For and transports them out of the body. For example: carbon dioxide that is made from the example: carbon dioxide that is made from the cell using glucose is transported to lungs where cell using glucose is transported to lungs where it is exhaled. it is exhaled.

Fighting DiseaseFighting Disease

BBlood contains cells that fight off disease; it also lood contains cells that fight off disease; it also has properties that seal cuts to prevent blood has properties that seal cuts to prevent blood loss and blood contamination.loss and blood contamination.

Structure of the HeartStructure of the Heart

• The heart is divided into The heart is divided into right and left sides.right and left sides.

• Each side has an upper Each side has an upper chamber (atrium) and lower chamber (atrium) and lower chamber (ventricle).chamber (ventricle).

• Atria receive bloodAtria receive blood• Ventricles pump blood out Ventricles pump blood out • Valves separate the two and Valves separate the two and

allow the blood to flow one allow the blood to flow one way.way.

What Makes Your Heart What Makes Your Heart Beat?Beat?

• A small group of cells in the wall of the A small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium called the sinoatrial node right atrium called the sinoatrial node (pacemaker) receives a signal from the brain (pacemaker) receives a signal from the brain to increase or decrease your heartbeat. to increase or decrease your heartbeat.

• What Kind of neurons do you think are What Kind of neurons do you think are in these group of cells?in these group of cells?

• After the atrium fills with blood, it pumps the After the atrium fills with blood, it pumps the blood to ventricle; that’s the first beat.blood to ventricle; that’s the first beat.

• After the ventricle fills with blood, it pumps After the ventricle fills with blood, it pumps the blood to the body; that’s the second beat. the blood to the body; that’s the second beat.

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

1.1. Arteries-Arteries- blood vessels blood vessels that carry blood away from that carry blood away from the heart. the heart.

2.2. Capillaries-Capillaries- branch branch from the smallest arteries from the smallest arteries and are the smallest blood and are the smallest blood vessels. Play a huge role in vessels. Play a huge role in that capillaries allow Othat capillaries allow O2 2 and and dissolved nutrients to pass dissolved nutrients to pass through capillary walls into through capillary walls into the body’s cells as well as the body’s cells as well as pick up waste COpick up waste CO22..

3.3. Veins-Veins- Blood flows from Blood flows from the capillaries to the veins the capillaries to the veins and the veins transport the and the veins transport the blood back to the heart.blood back to the heart.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Blood pressure-Blood pressure- the force with which blood the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels.pushes against the walls of your blood vessels.

Systolic pressure-Systolic pressure- pressure on arteries when pressure on arteries when ventricles contract; the top number in blood ventricles contract; the top number in blood pressure reading pressure reading

Diastolic pressure-Diastolic pressure- pressure on arteries when pressure on arteries when ventricles are relaxed; the bottom number in a ventricles are relaxed; the bottom number in a blood pressure reading.blood pressure reading.

Example: 120/80; 120= systolic 80= diastolicExample: 120/80; 120= systolic 80= diastolic

Blood PressureBlood Pressure• Normal Blood Pressure- Normal Blood Pressure-

90/60 – 119/7990/60 – 119/79• Low Blood Pressure- Low Blood Pressure-

<90/60 generally not a <90/60 generally not a problem unless organs problem unless organs are not getting enough are not getting enough oxygen.oxygen.

• High Blood Pressure- High Blood Pressure- 120/80 – 139/89 120/80 – 139/89 prehypertensiveprehypertensive

• 140/90 or higher 140/90 or higher hypertensivehypertensive

BloodBlood

• Average adult has 4-6 quarts of blood.Average adult has 4-6 quarts of blood.• Blood is made of four components.Blood is made of four components.1. Plasma-1. Plasma-liquid component of blood; 55% of blood. liquid component of blood; 55% of blood.

Carries nutrients, hormones, & salts to the cells, and Carries nutrients, hormones, & salts to the cells, and wastes to the kidneys.wastes to the kidneys.

2. Red Blood Cells-2. Red Blood Cells-carry oxygen from the lungs to all carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body.the parts of your body.

3. White Blood Cells- 3. White Blood Cells- help protect you against help protect you against diseases and foreign substances. diseases and foreign substances.

4. Platelets- 4. Platelets- cells fragments that stick to the edges of a cells fragments that stick to the edges of a cut and release clotting factors to eventually form a scab. cut and release clotting factors to eventually form a scab.

Blood TypesBlood Types

TransfusionsTransfusions

Refer to page 298Refer to page 298

QuizQuiz

1.1. How many chambers make up the How many chambers make up the human heart?human heart?

2.2. There are three types of blood vessels, There are three types of blood vessels, arteries, veins, and ____________.arteries, veins, and ____________.

3.3. There are four components of blood There are four components of blood name two. name two.

4.4. Name two functions of the Name two functions of the cardiovascular system.cardiovascular system.

5.5. A small group of cells in the wall of the A small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium that regulates the heart right atrium that regulates the heart beat is called the _____________. beat is called the _____________.

Cardiovascular Cardiovascular HealthHealth

Chapter 12 Section 2Chapter 12 Section 2

Pages 299-305Pages 299-305

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

These lifelong diseases are the leading causes of These lifelong diseases are the leading causes of death in the U.S. Hypertension and high death in the U.S. Hypertension and high cholesterol are 2 factors that increase your risk cholesterol are 2 factors that increase your risk for heart attack and stroke. BOTH FACTORS for heart attack and stroke. BOTH FACTORS MAY BEGIN IN YOUR TEENS!MAY BEGIN IN YOUR TEENS!

HypertensionHypertension

• Damages blood Damages blood vessels walls due vessels walls due to increase force of to increase force of blood.blood.

• Heart must work Heart must work overtime to supply overtime to supply adequate blood to adequate blood to the body.the body.

• Called the “silent Called the “silent killer” affects 1/3 killer” affects 1/3 of peopleof people

Blood CholesterolBlood Cholesterol

• Produced naturally in the body; also Produced naturally in the body; also found in animal products we found in animal products we consume.consume.

• Cholesterol is transported by Cholesterol is transported by lipoproteins.lipoproteins.

• Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)- bad Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)- bad cholesterolcholesterol

• High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)- High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)- good cholesterol good cholesterol

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) vs. High Density Lipoprotein vs. High Density Lipoprotein

(HDL)(HDL)• LDL carries LDL carries

cholesterol to be stored cholesterol to be stored in body tissue for use in body tissue for use and storage. Bad and storage. Bad cholesterol because it cholesterol because it leads to plaque build leads to plaque build up and eventually up and eventually atherosclerosis, a atherosclerosis, a hardening & thickening hardening & thickening of an artery.of an artery.

• HDL picks up HDL picks up excess cholesterol from excess cholesterol from the tissues and arteries the tissues and arteries and transports it to the and transports it to the liver to be liver to be metabolized . metabolized .

Heart Attack and StrokeHeart Attack and Stroke

When a blood clot When a blood clot cannot pass cannot pass through a narrowed through a narrowed artery because of artery because of atherosclerosis, it atherosclerosis, it cuts off the blood cuts off the blood flow in an artery. If flow in an artery. If the artery leads to the artery leads to the heart (heart the heart (heart attack) or if the attack) or if the artery leads to the artery leads to the brain (stroke). brain (stroke).

Other Cardiovascular DisordersOther Cardiovascular Disorders

Heart Murmur-Heart Murmur- 50% of children are diagnosed with 50% of children are diagnosed with a heart murmur. It is an extra sound in the lub dub of a heart murmur. It is an extra sound in the lub dub of the heart beat. Seldom is it a problem.the heart beat. Seldom is it a problem.

Hole in the heart-Hole in the heart- hole in the wall separating the hole in the wall separating the two atria. Usually closes after birth.two atria. Usually closes after birth.

Arrhythmia-Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat often times it is irregular heart beat often times it is normal, but may be a sign of a faulty pacemakernormal, but may be a sign of a faulty pacemaker

Keeping HealthyKeeping Healthy

1.1. Exercise regularlyExercise regularly

2.2. Eat healthyEat healthy

3.3. Avoid smokingAvoid smoking

QuizQuiz

1.1. True or False: HDL is the good cholesterol.True or False: HDL is the good cholesterol.2.2. True or False: LDL adds to plaque in the artery True or False: LDL adds to plaque in the artery

walls.walls.3.3. True or False: Hypertension and High Cholesterol True or False: Hypertension and High Cholesterol

are 2 factors that increase your risk of heart attack are 2 factors that increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.and stroke.

4.4. True or False: An arrhythmia is an irregular True or False: An arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat.heartbeat.

5.5. True or False: When you exercise the heart muscles True or False: When you exercise the heart muscles strengthen, allowing more blood to be pumped with strengthen, allowing more blood to be pumped with each heart beat.each heart beat.

Cardiorespiratory FitnessCardiorespiratory Fitness

Is the ability of your heart, Is the ability of your heart, blood vessels, and lungs to blood vessels, and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients deliver oxygen and nutrients to your body.to your body.

When you are active your When you are active your heart and lungs must be able heart and lungs must be able to supply your body with to supply your body with the oxygen it needs.the oxygen it needs.

How do you improve How do you improve your cardiorespiratory your cardiorespiratory fitness?fitness?

Test your cardiorespiratory fitness.Test your cardiorespiratory fitness.

Walk or Run 1 mileWalk or Run 1 mile

Male:Male:

14yr. old 7:4514yr. old 7:45

15-18yr. old 7:3015-18yr. old 7:30

Female:Female:

14yr. old 10:3014yr. old 10:30

15-18yr old 10:3015-18yr old 10:30*Times for average fitness levels *Times for average fitness levels would be less than those listed.would be less than those listed.

Calculate your target heart rate.Calculate your target heart rate.

1.1. Subtract your age from Subtract your age from 220 Maximum heart 220 Maximum heart rate (MHR)rate (MHR)

2.2. Multiply your MHR Multiply your MHR by .6 and then again by by .6 and then again by .8 round to the nearest .8 round to the nearest whole number.whole number.

3.3. Then you have your Then you have your target heart rate zone.target heart rate zone.

Choose an exercise program.Choose an exercise program.

RESPIRATORY RESPIRATORY SYSTEMSYSTEM

Chapter 12 Section 3Chapter 12 Section 3Page 306Page 306

Components of the Respiratory Components of the Respiratory SystemSystem

• Nasal CavityNasal Cavity• LarynxLarynx• TracheaTrachea• BronchiBronchi• LungsLungs• AlveoliAlveoli• DiaphragmDiaphragm

Nasal CavityNasal Cavity

• Designed to Designed to filter out air filter out air contaminantscontaminants

• Lined with hair Lined with hair and mucusand mucus

• Moisture in Moisture in cavity helps to cavity helps to prevent lungs prevent lungs from drying outfrom drying out

Larynx (voice box)Larynx (voice box)

• Made of Made of cartilagecartilage

• Contains vocal Contains vocal cordscords

TracheaTrachea

• Made of C-Made of C-shaped rings shaped rings of cartilageof cartilage

• Tiny cilia and Tiny cilia and mucus protect mucus protect against against pollutantspollutants

BronchiBronchi

• In the chest, the In the chest, the Trachea divides Trachea divides into two bronchiinto two bronchi

• Smallest Smallest passageways are passageways are called called bronchiolesbronchioles, , which end in which end in clusters of clusters of alveolialveoli

AlveoliAlveoli

• Tiny air sacs Tiny air sacs containing a containing a network of network of capillariescapillaries

• OO22 and CO and CO2 2 DIFFUSE across DIFFUSE across membranemembrane

• OO22 carried by carried by hemoglobin in hemoglobin in red blood cellsred blood cells

Mechanics of Breathing Mechanics of Breathing

Two major actions:Two major actions: • Inhalation- Inhalation-

when air is when air is pulled into lungspulled into lungs

• Exhalation-Exhalation- when air is when air is pushed out of pushed out of lungslungs

DiaphragmDiaphragm

• Causes breathing Causes breathing actions to occuractions to occur

• Located at bottom of Located at bottom of rib cagerib cage

• When contracted, it When contracted, it moves down causing moves down causing air to be pulled into air to be pulled into the lungsthe lungs

• When relaxed, air is When relaxed, air is pushed out of the pushed out of the lungslungs

Quiz Quiz

1.1. True or False: True or False: The diaphragm pushes down The diaphragm pushes down when you exhale.when you exhale.

2.2. True or False: True or False: Alveoli are tiny air sacks in Alveoli are tiny air sacks in the trachea.the trachea.

3.3. True or False: True or False: Air is filtered in the mouth Air is filtered in the mouth better than in the nasal cavity.better than in the nasal cavity.

4.4. True or False: True or False: Gas exchange takes place in Gas exchange takes place in the bronchus.the bronchus.

5.5. True or False: True or False: The respiratory system is The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen from outside responsible for bringing oxygen from outside the body into the lungs and removing carbon the body into the lungs and removing carbon dioxide from the body.dioxide from the body.