Chapter 12 – Neural Tissue

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Structures & Functions

Nerve Glue and other

GooAre You

Receiving?Transmitting

You Get On My Nerves

FINAL ROUND

Structures & Functions:

$100 Question

Which of the following is/are correct concerning structural classifications of neurons?

a. Multipolar neurons control skeletal muscles.

b. Bipolar neurons function in the senses of hearing, smell, and vision.

c. Anaxonic neurons have indistinguishable axons and dendrites.

d. All of the above are correct.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Structures & Functions:

$100 Answer

Which of the following is/are correct concerning structural classifications of neurons?

a. Multipolar neurons control skeletal muscles.

b. Bipolar neurons function in the senses of hearing, smell, and vision.

c. Anaxonic neurons have indistinguishable axons and dendrites.

d. All of the above are correct.BACK TO GAME

Structures & Functions:

$200 Question

The two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the afferent and efferent divisions. What are their respective functions?

a. Control of the central nervous system / control of the peripheral nervous system

b. Control of neurons / control of neuroglia

c. Sensory input to the CNS / carries motor commands to muscles or glands

d. Carries motor commands to muscles or

glands / Sensory input to the CNS BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Structures & Functions:

$200 Answer

The two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the afferent and efferent divisions. What are their respective functions?

a. Control of the central nervous system / control of the peripheral nervous system

b. Control of neurons / control of neuroglia

c. Sensory input to the CNS / carries motor commands to muscles or glands

d. Carries motor commands to muscles or

glands / Sensory input to the CNS BACK TO GAME

Structures & Functions:

$300 Question

Are unipolar neurons in a tissue sample more likely to be sensory or motor neurons?

a. They could be either sensory or motor neurons

b. Sensory neurons

c. Motor neurons

d. Neither sensory nor motor

neuronsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Structures & Functions:

$300 Answer

Are unipolar neurons in a tissue sample more likely to be sensory or motor neurons?

a. They could be either sensory or motor neurons

b. Sensory neurons

c. Motor neurons

d. Neither sensory nor motor

neuronsBACK TO GAME

Structures & Functions:

$400 Question

What would damage to the afferent division of the PNS affect?

a. Ability to learn new facts

b. Ability to experience motor stimuli

c. Ability to experience sensory stimuli

d. Ability to remember past events

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Structures & Functions:

$400 Answer

What would damage to the afferent division of the PNS affect?

a. Ability to learn new facts

b. Ability to experience motor stimuli

c. Ability to experience sensory stimuli

d. Ability to remember past events

BACK TO GAME

Structures & Functions:

$500 Question

One functional classification of neurons is responsible for integrating sensory information with motor output. What is the name of that type of neuron and where are they located?

a. Motor neurons / anterior horn of the spinal cord

b. Proprioceptors / skeletal muscles and joints

c. Interneurons / almost exclusively in the CNS

d. Interoceptors / digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Structures & Functions:

$500 Answer

One functional classification of neurons is responsible for integrating sensory information with motor output. What is the name of that type of neuron and where are they located?

a. Motor neurons / anterior horn of the spinal cord

b. Proprioceptors / skeletal muscles and joints

c. Interneurons / almost exclusively in the CNS

d. Interoceptors / digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems

BACK TO GAME

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$100 Question

Which of the CNS neuroglial cells plays a role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and repairing damaged neural tissue?

a. Satellite Cells

b. Microglia

c. Oligodendrocytes

d. AstrocytesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$100 Answer

Which of the CNS neuroglial cells plays a role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and repairing damaged neural tissue?

a. Satellite Cells

b. Microglia

c. Oligodendrocytes

d. AstrocytesBACK TO GAME

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$200 Question

Neuroglia of the PNS include __ and __ and their respective functions are __ and __.

a. Astrocytes and satellite cells / forming scar tissue and engulfing cellular debris

b. Ependymal cells and Schwann cells / forming cerebrospinal fluid and forming myelin sheath

c. Schwann cells and satellite cells / forming myelin sheath and regulation environment around neurons

d. Microglia and ependymal cells / regulating

environment around neurons and forming

cerebrospinal fluidBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$200 Answer

Neuroglia of the PNS include __ and __ and their respective functions are __ and __.

a. Astrocytes and satellite cells / forming scar tissue and engulfing cellular debris

b. Ependymal cells and Schwann cells / forming cerebrospinal fluid and forming myelin sheath

c. Schwann cells and satellite cells / forming myelin sheath and regulation environment around neurons

d. Microglia and ependymal cells / regulating

environment around neurons and forming

cerebrospinal fluidBACK TO GAME

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$300 Question

Which type of neuroglia would occur in abnormally high numbers in the brain tissue of a person with a CNS infection?

a. Astrocytes

b. Microglial

c. Ependymal

d. OligodendrocytesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$300 Answer

Which type of neuroglia would occur in abnormally high numbers in the brain tissue of a person with a CNS infection?

a. Astrocytes

b. Microglial

c. Ependymal

d. OligodendrocytesBACK TO GAME

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$400 Question

How would a chemical that blocks sodium channels in neuron cell membranes affect its ability to depolarize?

a. It would enhance depolarization.

b. It would completely inhibit depolarization.

c. It would slow depolarization.

d. It would have no effect on

depolarization.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$400 Answer

How would a chemical that blocks sodium channels in neuron cell membranes affect its ability to depolarize?

a. It would enhance depolarization.

b. It would completely inhibit depolarization.

c. It would slow depolarization.

d. It would have no effect on

depolarization.BACK TO GAME

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$500 Question

What effect would decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium ions have on the transmembrane potential of a neuron?

a. Repolarization

b. Hypopolarization

c. Decreased transmembrane potential

d. HyperpolarizationBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Nerve Glue and other Goo:

$500 Answer

What effect would decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium ions have on the transmembrane potential of a neuron?

a. Repolarization

b. Hypopolarization

c. Decreased transmembrane potential

d. HyperpolarizationBACK TO GAME

Are You Receiving?:

$100 Question

Which type of gated channel responds to physical distortion of the membrane surface? Where is this ability important?

a. Chemically regulated channels / in dendrites

b. Mechanically regulated channels / sensory receptors

c. Voltage-gated channels / axons of multipolar and unipolar neurons

d. Passive channels / where the

channels must remain open. BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Are You Receiving?:

$100 Answer

Which type of gated channel responds to physical distortion of the membrane surface? Where is this ability important?

a. Chemically regulated channels / in dendrites

b. Mechanically regulated channels / sensory receptors

c. Voltage-gated channels / axons of multipolar and unipolar neurons

d. Passive channels / where the

channels must remain open. BACK TO GAME

Are You Receiving?:

$200 Question

Which of these is NOT a site at which acetylcholine is released at a synapse?

a. Neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscles

b. Neuron-to-neuron synapses in the PNS

c. Postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the ANS

d. All of these are true.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Are You Receiving?:

$200 Answer

Which of these is NOT a site at which acetylcholine is released at a synapse?

a. Neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscles

b. Neuron-to-neuron synapses in the PNS

c. Postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the ANS

d. All of these are true.BACK TO GAME

Are You Receiving?:

$300 Question

The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depends upon __.

a. The time involved in calcium influx

b. ACh being broken down into AChE

c. The properties of the receptor, not the nature of the neurotransmitter

d. None of these is correct.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Are You Receiving?:

$300 Answer

The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depends upon __.

a. The time involved in calcium influx

b. ACh being broken down into AChE

c. The properties of the receptor, not the nature of the neurotransmitter

d. None of these is correct.BACK TO GAME

Are You Receiving?:

$400 Question

What is the primary distinction between chemical and electrical synapses; which type is more rare?

a. Electrical synapses involve a neurotransmitter / chemical synapses

b. Electrical synapses involve direct connection between cells / electrical synapses

c. Chemical synapses involve direct connection between cells / chemical synapses

d. Electrical synapses always use ACh / both

are equally abundantBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Are You Receiving?:

$400 Answer

What is the primary distinction between chemical and electrical synapses; which type is more rare?

a. Electrical synapses involve a neurotransmitter / chemical synapses

b. Electrical synapses involve direct connection between cells / electrical synapses

c. Chemical synapses involve direct connection between cells / chemical synapses

d. Electrical synapses always use ACh / both

are equally abundantBACK TO GAME

Are You Receiving?:

$500 Question

What effect would blocking voltage-regulated calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse have on synaptic communication?

a. Communication would cease.

b. Communication would be enhanced.

c. Communication would be misdirected.

d. Communication would continue as

before. BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Are You Receiving?:

$500 Answer

What effect would blocking voltage-regulated calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse have on synaptic communication?

a. Communication would cease.

b. Communication would be enhanced.

c. Communication would be misdirected.

d. Communication would continue as

before. BACK TO GAME

Transmitting…:

$100 Question

Which structure of a neuron is capable of propagating an electrical impulse?

a. Dendrites

b. Axon

c. Cell body

d. Perikaryon BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Transmitting…:

$100 Answer

Which structure of a neuron is capable of propagating an electrical impulse?

a. Dendrites

b. Axon

c. Cell body

d. Perikaryon BACK TO GAME

Transmitting…:

$200 Question

One pathway in the central nervous system consists of three neurons, another of five neurons. If the neurons in the two pathways are identical, which pathway will transmit impulses more rapidly?

a. Pathway with three neurons

b. Pathway with five neurons

c. They would transmit at the same rate

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Transmitting…:

$200 Answer

One pathway in the central nervous system consists of three neurons, another of five neurons. If the neurons in the two pathways are identical, which pathway will transmit impulses more rapidly?

a. Pathway with three neurons

b. Pathway with five neurons

c. They would transmit at the same rate

BACK TO GAME

Transmitting…:

$300 Question

Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are all members of which category of neurotransmitter?

a. Hormones

b. Biogenic amines

c. Amino acids

d. NeuropeptidesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Transmitting…:

$300 Answer

Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are all members of which category of neurotransmitter?

a. Hormones

b. Biogenic amines

c. Amino acids

d. NeuropeptidesBACK TO GAME

Transmitting…:

$400 Question

A person you know has experienced sleep problems and prolonged depression. Which neurotransmitter may be in short supply?

a. Dopamine

b. Any of the opioids

c. Acetylcholine

d. SerotoninBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Transmitting…:

$400 Answer

A person you know has experienced sleep problems and prolonged depression. Which neurotransmitter may be in short supply?

a. Dopamine

b. Any of the opioids

c. Acetylcholine

d. SerotoninBACK TO GAME

Transmitting…:

$500 Question

The relationship between a neurotransmitter, such as NE and cAMP is __, which is enhanced by a “link” called a __?

a. They are both amino acids / carboxyl group

b. 1st messenger and 2nd messenger / G protein

c. Neurotransmitters / 2nd messenger

d. EPSP and IPSP / 1st messenger

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Transmitting…:

$500 Answer

The relationship between a neurotransmitter, such as NE and cAMP is __, which is enhanced by a “link” called a __?

a. They are both amino acids / carboxyl group

b. 1st messenger and 2nd messenger / G protein

c. Neurotransmitters / 2nd messenger

d. EPSP and IPSP / 1st messenger

BACK TO GAME

You Get On My Nerves:

$100 Question

Excitatory neurotransmitters cause __ and inhibitory neurotransmitters cause __.

a. Repolarization / return to resting potential

b. Suppression of generation of action potentials / promote generation of action potentials

c. Synaptic fatigue / synaptic delay

d. Depolarization / hyperpolarization

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

You Get On My Nerves:

$100 Answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters cause __ and inhibitory neurotransmitters cause __.

a. Repolarization / return to resting potential

b. Suppression of generation of action potentials / promote generation of action potentials

c. Synaptic fatigue / synaptic delay

d. Depolarization / hyperpolarization

BACK TO GAME

You Get On My Nerves:

$200 Question

One axon propagates action potentials at 50 meters per second; another caries them at 1 meter per second. Which axon is myelinated?

a. Axon that propagates at 50 meters per second

b. Axon that propagates at 1 meter per second

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

You Get On My Nerves:

$200 Answer

One axon propagates action potentials at 50 meters per second; another caries them at 1 meter per second. Which axon is myelinated?

a. Axon that propagates at 50 meters per second

b. Axon that propagates at 1 meter per second

BACK TO GAME

You Get On My Nerves:

$300 Question

Which of the choices below correctly lists the steps of an action potential?

a. Resting potential Absolute refractory period Relative refractory period

b. All-or-none principle stimulus triggers action potential stimulus does not trigger action potential

c. Depolarization to threshold Activation of sodium channels and depolarization Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels return to normal permeability

d. None of these BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

You Get On My Nerves:

$300 Answer

Which of the choices below correctly lists the steps of an action potential?

a. Resting potential Absolute refractory period Relative refractory period

b. All-or-none principle stimulus triggers action potential stimulus does not trigger action potential

c. Depolarization to threshold Activation of sodium channels and depolarization Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels return to normal permeability

d. None of theseBACK TO GAME

You Get On My Nerves:

$400 Question

Which of the following is true concerning neuromodulators?

a. Have short-term effects

b. Act immediately without intermediate steps

c. Affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic membrane

d. None of these is correct

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

You Get On My Nerves:

$400 Answer

Which of the following is true concerning neuromodulators?

a. Have short-term effects

b. Act immediately without intermediate steps

c. Affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic membrane

d. None of these is correct

BACK TO GAME

You Get On My Nerves:

$500 Question

Why is it impossible for continuous propagation to occur along myelinated axons?

a. Myelin increases resistance to the flow of ions across the membrane.

b. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can respond to a depolarizing stimulus.

c. Continuous propagation uses less energy and fewer sodium ions must be pumped out.

d. A and B are correctBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

You Get On My Nerves:

$500 Answer

Why is it impossible for continuous propagation to occur along myelinated axons?

a. Myelin increases resistance to the flow of ions across the membrane.

b. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can respond to a depolarizing stimulus.

c. Continuous propagation uses less energy and fewer sodium ions must be pumped out.

d. A and B are correctBACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

In what ways are temporal and spatial summation the same?

a. Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a single synapse.

b. Both are methods by which individual EPSPs combine to result in an action potential.

c. Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are applied at different locations, causing a cumulative effect on transmembrane potential.

d. All of these are correct.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

In what ways are temporal and spatial summation the same?

a. Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a single synapse.

b. Both are methods by which individual EPSPs combine to result in an action potential.

c. Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are applied at different locations, causing a cumulative effect on transmembrane potential.

d. All of these are correct.BACK TO GAME