Date post: | 26-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | derek-mosley |
View: | 226 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Chapter 12Section 1
Byzantine Empire Justinian I Theodora Belisarius
Mosaics Icons Clergy Orthodox Church
Greek for city of Constantine
From 395 – 1453 seat of Eastern roman Empire
Also known as Byzantine Empire
Constantinople was richer and larger than Rome
Located on the Bosporus helped to control trade and protect from attack
Two strong walls helped it to thrive
Justinian I dreamed of restoring Rome
Reconquered Northern Africa from the Vandals
Used a fleet of ships
Belisarius- a top general also retook Italy
Theodora- wife of Justinian served as co-ruler
People did not like Justinian’s reforms
532 the Nike Revolt Two factions in
revolt Green lower class,
blue upper class, were chariot teams
Left Constantinople in flames
Justinian wanted to flee
Theodora refused to flee
Belisarius attacked rioters at the Hippodrome and slaughtered thousands
Rebellion gave a chance to rebuild the city
Hagia Sophia- Greek means holy wisdom
Most beautiful Christian Church
Reformed Roman Law
Emperors had not kept good records
Arranged existing laws and legal opinions in a clear system
Corpus Juris-Civilis (body of civil law)
Had 4 parts All existing
constitutions Include laws from
Justinian Called Justinian Code
Died 565 Government was
broke Expanded beyond
control Western provinces
fell to migrating tribes
610 Heraclius defeated Persians (eastern border)
West he settled Croats and Serbs on Balkan frontier as a buffer
They converted to Christianity
Was a priest king Deputy of Jesus Responsible for civil
and religious law Although Romans
very strong Greek influence
Heraclius made Greek official language, replaced Roman titles with Greek titles
Most Art, architecture and literature based on religious themes
Human subject were saints of figures from the Bible
Most art was in mosaics Created with tiny
pieces of glass, stone and clay
Some tiles had gold
Mosaics decorated floors, walls and ceilings
Nature of mosaics changed over time
Common themes Hand above cross
symbolized God 12 lambs- Christian
flock on earth
Force behind architecture
Churches had round domes over square foundations
Influenced building across Europe and Asia
700’s use of art in churches causes controversy
Icons-paintings and sculptures of sacred figures
Some Christians objected to them
Thought it idol worship
726 Emperor Leo III forbid use of images and ordered them destroyed
Ordered icons at entrance of the palace destroyed
Caused riots
Western church liked icons
Few people could read or write
Clergy used icons useful in teaching Christianity
843 icons accepted again
Growing divide between the Pope and Byzantine Empire
Eastern church allowed clergy to marry, western did not
Ideas on governing the church
East- emperor oversaw the church but did not govern
Bishops- church leaders
Pope in Rome Patriarchs in
Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem
Byzantines thought Pope was important but not their leader
Church councils- church officials met on major issues
1054 a schism occurred
East was the Orthodox Means right opinion Increased emperor’s
power Later would prove
dangerous West would not help
against invaders West Roman Catholic
Slavs and Bulgars attack from the North
Egypt and Syria fell too the Muslims
Constantinople was weakened by religious conflict
Leo III stops Muslims in 718 and 740
800’s Empire improves
867 – 1056 Macedonians ruled Called golden age Improved peasant
conditions Established a law
school Train officials in
government Rule in the Balkans
Incompetent Emperors
Constantinople had well trained and educated leaders
Restrained government and military
Used energy to make it a center of culture
Military saw encroaching danger
Strife between military and government
Vulnerable to outside attacks
Seljuk Turks 1071 defeat Byzantines in Asia Minor
1453 Ottoman Turks attack and defeat Constantinople
Renamed city Istanbul