Chapter 12: Section 4 The Civil War is Coming
The Election of 1860
• Around 1860, people were still thinking that the nation was going to avoid a civil war.
• When the year 1860 came around, the Democrats were still a national party.
The Democrats Divide
• The Democratic convention was scheduled to meet in Charleston, South Carolina.
• At this meeting, the southern delegates demanded support from the party for slavery in the territories.
• Douglas and other northerners rejected this idea.
• Many arguments followed and the north finally refused to adopt this policy. The delegates from the south left the convention.
The Democrats Divide
• The great Democratic party was falling apart. • The southern Democrats who had left this
convention met in Richmond, Virginia. • There, they named their own candidate,
Breckinridge, President of the United States.• He believed in protecting slavery. • After this, the “national” political parties were
no longer national.
Constitutional-Unionists and Republicans
• The Constitutional-Union party was made up of conservatives who feared the breakup of the Union if the Republican candidate was elected.
• They wanted to avoid the slavery issue entirely.
• Some people who carried this idea were John Bell of Tennessee and __________ of Massachusetts.
Constitutional-Unionists and Republicans
• The main opposition to the Democratic party was the Republican party.
• The Republicans were still waiting for some national appeal. They named one man who was the most conservative in their party.
• Abraham Lincoln, nicknamed “The Rail-Splitter” was the man. He came from Illinois.
Honest Abe
• Abraham Lincoln and his family came from __________ to New England and then to Pennsylvania.
• His great-grandfather had lived in Virginia and had five sons.
• Abraham’s father was raised in ________ and in 1809, Lincoln was born.
• Lincoln was born in a __________. • Lincoln Movie!~
Honest Abe
• When he was only _______ years old, his family moved again to __________.
• When he was _________they moved again to _______. • He built a __________and navigated it down the Mississippi
to New Orleans. • He also worked as a ___________________________
_____________________________________________
Honest Abe
• Lincoln educated ______ and later became a _______. He was really successful in front of juries.
• He had one term in __________, after serving in the Illinois legislature. He opposed the Mexican War while in Congress.
• Lincoln had magic in his speech. He often used words from the _________.
Honest Abe
• Lincoln was firm on the slavery issue, but he was __________________.
• He married a Southerner and was from the South, so he ____________the South.
• If Abraham Lincoln couldn’t put the Union back together, no one could.
Lincoln is electedThe election of November
1860• Lincoln was deprived of all
_____________from 10 southern states.
• In the electoral college,– Lincoln carried all ______________– Breckinridge carried eleven slave
states– Douglas got popular votes in the
North but carried only Missouri and a minority of new jerseys split electoral vote
– John bell carried 3 border slave states
• Lincoln undoubtedly won in the electoral college, but took _____ of the popular vote
• His opponents had almost _________________votes• However, the votes Lincoln did get were from just the right
states.• When southern states heard of Lincoln’s election, they
_______ from the Union.
Attempts to prevent war• _______________ believed withdrawing from the Union would
be illegal, but he also thought the government should not be able to force a state to stay in the Union.
• __________________a Northern opponent, was happy to see the South remove itself from the Union
• ___________ a pacifist, would rather the states “go in peace” so as not start a war by demanding that they remain in the Union
• Desperate attempts were made at finding a ________ between sections.
• “___________________” were proposed by the senator of Kentucky which would push the _________between slavery and free soil to California, to keep the federal government from interfering with slavery in the states.
• _____________ refused, Lincoln believed this would only lead to the attempt to seize more southern territory to make more slave states.
• They wanted the North to stand strong and not give in to the southerners demands so as to discourage _______________
• Because the United States were considered a ____________by the confederate states of America, they could not keep its arsenals and forts inside the _________ of the seceded states
• U.S. troops mostly gave in, except for a few strong positions including _____________in the Charleston Harbor which was in serious need of food. Lincoln had a decision to make: either surrender Fort Sumter to the South, would mean no civil war and the end of the Union, or provide the supplies and put them at risk of a war to keep the states in “__________________”
• Determined to stand firm, Lincoln decides to __________Fort Sumter.
• After notifying South Carolina of his decision to send supplies over, Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard began ____________ Fort Sumter from the Charleston shore batteries on ________________.
• The fort was surrendered by Major Robert Anderson the next afternoon. This was the ___________________ of a war.