Chapter 13
Changes on the Western Frontier
Great Plains Indians1. The Horse
2. The Buffalo3. Family Life
The Lure of Gold and Silver began to run rampant among
settlers in the East
Tensions began to mount
Sand Creek Massacre
Death on the Bozeman Trail
Sioux Chief Red Cloud
Crazy Horse
Fort Laramie
Treaty of Fort Laramie
US Closed the Bozeman Trail
Sioux agreed to move to reservation
Sitting Bull only Sioux who did not sign treaty
Sitting Bull
Continued to protest the white man’s invasion of their lands
Famous for the wild west shows he was apart of
Would meet the only man who had a chance a destroying the Sioux Nation
General George A. Custer
Red Headed
Flamboyant
Cocky
Confident
Hot tempered
Stubborn
Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse met in one ferocious battle
Battle of Little Big Horn (AKA -
Custer’s Last Stand)
Sioux Life After Custer’s Last Stand
Sitting Bull led the Indians to Canada
They remained there until 1881
To prevent his people from starving-Sitting Bull surrendered
1885 Appeared in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show
Dawes Act
Attempted to assimilate the Indians into American culture
Broke up the reservation
Gave the land to individual Indians160 Acres to each head of the household
80 acres to each unmarried Adult
Down fall of the Native American
Uses for the buffalo
(HIDE - BUCKSKIN)moccasin topscradleswinter robesbeddingbreechcloutsshirtslegginslance coversbeltsdressespipe bagspouchespaint bagspouchesdollscoup flag coversquiverstipi coversguncases
(HAIR)headdressessaddle pad fillerpillowsropeornamentshaltersmedicine balls
(TAIL)medicine switchfly brushlodge exteriordecorationswhips
(HOOF & FEET)gluerattles
(HORNS)cupsfire carrierspowder hornspoonsladlesheaddressessignalstoys
(MEAT)(every part eaten)pemmican (converted)hump ribs-immediatelyjerky (converted)
(SKIN OF HIND LEG)moccasins or boots
(RAWHIDE)containersclothingheaddressfoodmedicine bagsshieldsbucketsmoccasin solesrattlesdrumsdrumstickssplintscinchesropesbeltsbullets pouchessaddleshorse maskslance casesarmbandsquirtsbull boatsknife casesstirrupsthongshorse ornament
The Battle of Wounded Knee
The Ghost Dance
Police came to arrest Sitting Bull
Shots fired and Sitting Bull was Killed
Dec. 28 Soldiers rounded up 360 Sioux Indians and demanded they give up their weapons
Soldiers shot and slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans including Children
Ended the Indian Wars forever
Indian Problems solved
Cattle ranching became big business in the west
1st Cowboys
Vaqueros – Mexican CowboysLonghorn cattle were imported from SpainEverything that became the American Cowboy derived it’s origins from the Mexican Vaqueros
JerkyChapsBronco ridingCoralRodeo
The Longhorn Steer
As the demand for beef increased
Cow towns began to form
The long drives - 10 to 14 hour days
Starting as young as 15 years old
The round up
Cow Towns Like Dodge City Began to form
The Long Drives
The Round Up
Wild Bill Hickok & Calamity Jane
Wild Bill Hickok
Served as a scout in Civil War
Violent man
Shot while play poker
In his hand were two aces and two eights – still to this day known as a dead man’s hand
Settling of the westHomestead Act – 160 acres of land in west for any citizen who was the head of the householdExoduster – blacks who moved west to escape the reconstruction south.
Farming and Living in west
Lived in Soddy's or Dug outs
Women worked, schooled , and doctored the men and children of the west
Agricultural EducationMorrill Land Grant Act – Set aside land for the establishment of colleges for agricultural improvement in farming
Inventions that tamed the Prairie
Steel Plow
Barbed Wire
Mechanical Reaper
Steel Windmill
Farmers began living on huge farms called Bonanzas
Farmers began forming alliances with other
farmers
The Grange
A new Political Party formed
PopulismMovement of the people
Increase in money supply
Graduated income tax system
Federal loan program
Eventually became the platform of the Democratic Party of today
Panic of 1873
William Jennings Bryan
Cross of Gold Speech
Silverites
Gold Bugs
Bimetallism
Gold
Silver