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Chapter 1.3
Early Civ. Question…Pyramids- 100,000
workers for many yearsEach block weighs 2.5
tonsLimited technology2 million blocksHow did they do it?Civilization: Highly
organized social order
River Valley Civilizations“Cradlelands”Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates
RiversEgypt: Nile RiverIndia: Indus RiverChina: Yellow or Huang He River
Why these areas?Mild ClimateFertile SoilRivers
FishingWater SupplyFlooding (good and bad)TransportationIrrigation
Features of Civilizations
CitiesHigh wide wallsTemplesPalacesTangled, narrow streetsSmall huts
Well Organized GovtSteady food supplyLeaders
PriestsChanged to Kings- hereditary
Right to rule from the godsLaws, taxes, defense
Complex ReligionPolytheism: belief in many godsRituals- ceremonies, dances,
prayers, hymnsTemplesSacrifice
Animals, crops, humansPriests
Job SpecializationArtisans- skilled craft workers
Pottery, carvings, woven goodsMetalworkers
Copper and bronze (copper and tin mixed make bronze)Bricklayers
Built city wallsMerchants
Sold goods in marketplacesSingers/Dancers/Storytellers
Entertained
Social ClassesRank according to job
Arts/ArchitectureTemples and palacesDecoration on
buildingsStatues of
gods/goddessesPaintings, furniture,
jewelry in tombs
Public Works
IrrigationRoadsBridgesDefensive Walls
WritingTemplesTreaties and taxes, marriage
contractsPictograms- drawings that look like
what they describeScribes
Trained to read and writeKept records for priests, rulers,
merchantsWomen excluded
EmpiresGroup of states or
territories controlled by one ruler
Created common bonds/ ended war
NomadsContinued to live like
stone ageSteppe region in AsiaInteracted with city
dwellersConsidered
uncivilizedConflict and
cooperation
Environmental ChangesVolcanoesOver-farmingFamineResource depletion
Cultural Diffusion
Spread of ideas, cultures, customs, techniques
By force at times