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Chapter 13
Managing Communication
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communication is the Manager’s Job→ Managers gather and distribute information
inside and outside of the organization
→ Managers communicate with purpose toward goals and objectives
→ Managers facilitate strategic conversations
→ Communication is part of every management function
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Manager as Communication Champion
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
What is Communication
Communication is the process by which information is exchanged and understood by
two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or influence behavior.
To SHARE, not SPEAK
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Communication Process
• Communication is not simple
• Sender wishes to convey and idea or concept
• Receiver encodes the idea or concept
• The message is sent through a channel
• Feedback is the response by the receiver
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
A Model of the Communication Process
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communicating Among People
• The sender and receiver are people and communication can breakdown based on:– Channel selection– Interference– Listening skills– Nonverbal behavior– Persuasion– Gender differences
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communication Channels
• The Hierarchy of Channel Richness– The ability to handle multiple cues– The ability to facilitate rapid two-way feedback– The ability to establish personal focus
• Selecting the Appropriate Channel– Channel selection depends on whether the
message routine or nonroutine
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Continuum of Channel Richness
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communicating to Persuade and Influence Others• The ability to persuade and influence others is a
critical manager skill
• Effective persuasion is not telling people what to do– Listening
– Learning about others’ interests and needs
– Leading people to a shared solution
• Managers must communicate easily and frequently
• Communication apprehension should be resolved through practice
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Gender Differences in Communication• Women have a conversational style
• Men use communication to preserve independence
• Women downplay their skills and accomplishments
• Men communicate to negotiate and maintain status
• Women use submissive gestures when communicating with men
• Men stare and point when communicating
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Nonverbal Communication
Messages sent through human actions and behaviors rather
than through words.
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Listening
• Listening is a key tool for managers• Information flows from the bottom up, not
the top down• Companies are using blogs as a way to stay
in touch with employees and customers• Listening is the skill of receiving messages to
accurately grasp facts and feelings to interpret the genuine meaning
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Ten Keys of Effective Listening
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Organizational Communication
• The formal communication channels based on the chain-of-command
– Downward, upward and horizontal
• Organizations are promoting horizontal communications
• Electronic communication has made all flows of communication easier
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Organizational Communication Network
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Downward Communication
Implementation of goals and strategies Job instructions and rationale Procedures and practices Performance feedback Indoctrination
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Upward Communication
Problems and exceptions Suggestions for improvement Performance reports Grievances and disputes Financial and accounting information
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Horizontal Communication
Intradepartmental problem solving Interdepartmental coordination Change initiation and improvements
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Downward, Upward, and Horizontal Communication
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Team Communication Channels
• Centralized network – team members communicate through a single individual– Effective for simple problems
• Decentralized network – team members freely communicate with one another and arrive at decisions together– Effective for complex problems
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Effectiveness of Team Communication Networks
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Personal Communication Channels
• Developing Personal Networks – personal relationships that cross departments and organizational boundaries
• The Grapevine – often called “gossip” but can be positive tool
• Written Communication – writing clearly and quickly is important
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Building a Personal Communication Network
Build it before you need it.
Never eat lunch alone.
Make it win-win.
Focus on diversity.
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Improving Your Writing Skills Respect the reader.
Know your point and get to it.
Write clearly rather than impressively.
Get a second opinion.
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Innovation in Organizational Communication• Dialogue – process of meaning,
understanding and sharing
• Crisis Communication – managers must be able to use communication as tool in crisis
• Feedback and Learning – use evaluation and communication to promote improvement
• Climate of Trust and Openness helps encourage communication honestly
(c)2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Dialogue and Discussion: The Differences