CHAPTER 13.3KEY TERMS

Second Great Awakening•a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s.

Charles Grandison Finney• (1792-1875) American clergyman and educator, he became influential in the Second Great Awakening after a dramatic religious experience and conversion. He led long revivals that annoyed conventional ministers.

Lyman Beecher• (1775-1863) American clergyman, he disapproved of the style of preaching of the Great Awakening ministers. He served as president of the Lane Theological Seminary and supported female higher education.

Temperance Movement•a social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol.

Dorothea Dix• (1802-1887) American philanthropist and social reformer, she helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals for treatment for the mentally ill instead of imprisonment.

Common-school Movememt•a social reform effort that began in the mid-1800s and promoted the idea of having all children educated in a common place regardless of social class or background.

Horace Mann• (1796-1859) American educator, he is considered the father of American public education. He was a leader of the common-school movement, advocating education for all children.

Catharine Beecher• (1800-1878) American educator and the daughter of Lyman Beecher, she promoted education for women in such writings as An Essay on the Education of Female Teachers. She founded the first all-female academy.

Thomas Gallaudet• (1787-1851) American educator, he studied techniques for instructing hearing-impaired people and established the first American school for the hearing impaired in 1817.

Josiah Quincy•Mayor of Boston who supported young offenders of crimes receive different punishments than adults.

Reform School•1820s several state and local governments founded these schools for children who had been housed in prisons. In these schools, children lived under strict rules and learned useful skills.

McGuffey’s Readers•Were the most popular textbooks used in most schools. The readers contained British and American literature as well as reading lessons and instruction in moral and social values. The readers were created by William Holmes McGuffey who was an educator and minister.

Mary Lyon• she opened a women’s college called Mount Holyoke College in the 1830s.

Emma Willard•opened a female seminary in 1821.

Samuel Gridley Howe• in 1831 he open the Perkins School for the Blind in Massachusetts.

Oberlin College• in 1835 this was the first college to accept blacks, soon after Harvard began to admit African-Americans, too.

Free African Religious Society• founded by Richard Allen, a former slave. This became a model for other groups that pressed for racial equality and education for blacks.