CHAPTER 14

CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT

NOMENCLATURE Carbonyl group

Aldehyde - a compound that contains

Ketone - a compound that contains

Table 14.1 page 447Aldehyde ends in -al and ketones end in -oneLearning check 14.1 and 14.2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES With no hydrogen’s attached to the

ketones and aldehydes, no hydrogen bonding can occur

Boiling point is lower than alcohols of comparable molecular weight

Boiling point is higher than alkanes, because aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules

Table 14.2 page 450 Low weight aldehydes and ketones are

water soluble

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Oxidation

Primary Aldehyde Caboxylic alcohol Acid

Learning check 14.3 page 452

CONTINUE Tollens’ reagent

A mild oxidizing solution containing silver ions used to test for aldehydes

Look at page 453, the silver coats the surface and forms a mirror

Read over the counter page 453 Benedict’s reagent

A mild oxidizing solution containing Cu2+ ions used to test for the presence of aldehydes

Look at page 454, solution goes from blue to red if there is an aldehyde

ADDITION OF HYDROGEN AND ALCOHOL

Learning check 14.4 page 455

CONTINUE Hemiacetal A compound that contains

+ H2O

Acetal - a compound that contains

CONTINUE Hemiketal

A compound that contains Ketal

A compound that contains

+ H2O

CONTINUE How hemiacetal reactions occur page

457 Learning check 14.5 page 458 Reaction map for aldehydes and

ketones page 459 Acetals react with water to form an

aldehyde and 2 alcohols Ketals react with water to form a

ketone and 2 alcohols

IMPORTANT ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Hydrolysis Splits a water molecule, bond

breakage by reaction with water Learning check 14.6 page 460 Do examples on page 461 and

learning check 14.7 READ PAGES 462-467