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CHAPTER 14
The Presidency
0MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Ans: BPage: 369Type: Factual
10. In a parliamentary system, the vters cannot chse
a0. their mem!ers " parliament.!0. their prime minister.c0. !et#een t# r mre parties.$0. #hether t vte.e0. amng cmpeting can$i$ates.
Ans: %
Page: 369Type: Factual
&0. An !vius an$ imprtant $i""erence !et#een a presi$ent an$ a
prime minister is that the latter al#ays hasa0. interest grup supprt.!0. supprt in the ca!inet.c0. supprt in the military.$0. ma'rity supprt in parliament.e0. e(ecutive p#ers.
Ans: )Page: 369Type: )nceptual
30. I" yu are an am!itius mem!er " the British Parliament, pru$ence#ill $ictate that yu
a0. vigrusly attac* the plicies " the ther party.!0. remain in$epen$ent an$ !'ective in yur vting $ecisins.c0. avi$ $ispleasing the lea$er " yur party.
$0. campaign actively "r the prime minister+s $irect reelectin.e0. !ecme a relentless critic " parliamentary prce$ure.
Ans: APage: 30Type: Factual
-0. ith su!stantial %emcratic ma'rities in !th huses " )ngress,Presi$ent /enne$y, $uring the last year " his presi$ency, #as a!le tsecure passage " " his prpsals.
a0. nly ne"urth!0. appr(imately nehal"c0. appr(imately three"urths$0. almst alle0. all
Ans: )Page: 30Type: Factual
20. " the t#enty"ur cngressinal r presi$ential electins !et#een192& an$ 1996, pr$uce$ a $ivi$e$ gvernment.
a0. "ur !0. sevenc0. "i"teen$0. nineteene0. nne
Ans: 4 60. The te(t cites the 19-6 5arshall Plan an$ the Ta( e"rm Act "
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36 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Page: 31Type: )nceptual
1976 t illustrate that
a0. uni"ie$ gvernments rarely accmplish anything " nte.!0. a $ivi$e$ gvernment never cul$ have pr$uce$ them.c0. !th #ere pr$uce$ !y a uni"ie$ gvernment.$0. ne #as pr$uce$ !y a uni"ie$ gvernment an$ ne #as
pr$uce$ !y a $ivi$e$ gvernment.
e0. !th #ere pr$uce$ !y $ivi$e$ gvernments.
Ans: APage: 31Type: )nceptual
0. The te(ts suggests 8uni"ie$ gvernment might !e
a0. smething " a myth.!0. impssi!le in the American system " gvernment.c0. pssi!le nly in a multiparty system.$0. the nly #ay t implement signi"icant legislatin.e0. ne #ay t ensure intelligent plicy ma*ing.
Ans: 4Page: 31Type: Factual
70. hich " the "ll#ing statements is incorrect
a0. ;yn$n ni"ie$ gvernment may have !een present #hen
a0. sevelt #as presi$ent, in 1933.!0.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 37
Ans: %Page: 3&Type: )nceptual
1&0. I" the Framers ha$ $eci$e$ t have the presi$ent chsen !y the)ngress, #e cul$ reasna!ly e(pect )ngress t $minate thepresi$ent
a0. an$ t cntrl the military.!0. an$ t pic* the ca!inet.c0. r the presi$ent t ignre )ngress.
$0. r the presi$ent t crrupt the legislature.e0. r the presi$ent t capitulate t the 'u$iciary.
Ans: BPage: 3&Type: Factual
130. ne " the "ears e(presse$ !y the Fun$ers a!ut aspects " thePresi$ency #as the "ear " a presi$ent+s
a0. claiming certain inherent p#ers !y virtue " his psitin.!0. using the militia t verp#er state gvernments.c0. using his psitin t shape pu!lic pinin.$0. p#ers t appint select upreme )urt 'ustices #ithut
cngressinal apprval.e0. p#ers t par$n.
Ans: 4Page: 3&Type: Factual
1-0. Ale(an$er amiltn st$ at the )nstitutinal )nventin an$ gavea "ive hur speech calling "r
a0. a plural e(ecutive.!0. an electe$ presi$ent.c0. an ""icial $eclaratin that @erge ashingtn #ul$ !e the
"irst presi$ent.$0. his #n appintment as )hie" 4(ecutive.e0. an elective mnarchy.
Ans: %Page: 3&Type: Factual
120. The cause " thse #h argue$ "r a single, electe$ presi$ent at thecnventin #as, n $u!t, ai$e$ !y the "act that
a0. Ale(an$er amiltn ha$ alrea$y $eclare$ himsel" a can$i$ate.!0. 5assachusetts ha$ e(perience$ great success un$er such a
system.c0. The Articles " )n"e$eratin "stere$ $eep respect "r the
""ice.$0. every!$y assume$ that @erge ashingtn #ul$ !e the "irst
presi$ent.e0. n in$ivi$ual #as li*ely t !e chsen as presi$ent #h #as nt
a mem!er " the upper classes.
Ans: BPage: 3&Type: Factual
160. ne cncern e(presse$ at the )nventin "cuse$ n the pssi!ilitythat share$ p#ers #ul$ cause the presi$ent t !e a mere 8tl "
a0. the use " epresentatives.!0. the enate.c0. the upreme )urt.
$0. the 4lectral )llege.e0. special interest grups.
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38 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Ans: BPage: 33Type: Factual
10. hen n can$i$ate receives a ma'rity " vtes in the electralcllege, the use " epresentatives $eci$es #h #ill #in apresi$ential electin. This circumstance
a0. has never ccurre$.!0. has ccurre$ nly t#ice.c0. ccurs nce every &7 t 36 years.
$0. has ccurre$ "ur times in this century.e0. ccurs "re?uently #hen the cuntry is at #ar.
Ans: 4Page: 33Type: Factual
170. The "irst plan suggeste$ at the )nventin calle$ "r the presi$ent t!e chsen !y
a0. state legislatures.!0. the upreme )urt.c0. ppular electin.$0. the 4lectral )llege.e0. )ngress.
Ans: )Page: 33Type: Factual
190. The secn$ plan that #as suggeste$ at the )nventin "r theselectin " the presi$ent calle$ "r selectin !y
a0. state legislatures.!0. the upreme )urt.c0. $irect vte " the peple.$0. the 4lectral )llege.e0. )ngress.
Ans: 4Page: 33Type: Factual
&00. The Framers slve$ the pr!lem " h# t elect the presi$ent !y
a0. "rming a ?uasiparliamentary system " gvernment.!0. prvi$ing "r cnstitutinal amen$ments.c0. "rming the use 4lectin )mmittee.$0. creating the )mmittee n %etail.e0. creating the 4lectral )llege.
Ans: APage: 33Type: Factual
&10. >n$er the riginal prvisins " the >.. Constitution, the states #eret chse presi$ential electrs
a0. h#ever they #ishe$.!0. !y ppular vte.c0. !y vte " the legislature.$0. !y appintment " the gvernr.e0. !y rules $esignate$ in the curts.
Ans: )Page: 33Type: )nceptual
&&0. The Framers assume$ that, un$er the electral cllege system, mstpresi$ential electins #ul$ !e $eci$e$ in the use. hy $i$ thisnotturn ut t !e the case
a0. Because mst electins #ere nt clse enugh t give state$elegatins the p#er t $eci$e the utcme
!0. Because the "irst upreme )urt rule$ uncnstitutinal theelectral cllege system "r selecting a presi$ent
c0. Because plitical parties en$e$ up playing a ma'r rle inpr$ucing natin#i$e supprt "r a slate " natinal can$i$ates
$0. Because the enate ?uic*ly usurpe$ the $elegate p#ers " theuse
e0. Because the upreme )urt narr#ly interprete$ the p#ers "
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 39
the legislative !ranch.
Ans: BPage: 33Type: Factual
&30. egar$ing terms " ""ice, the pattern amng mst early presi$ents#as t
a0. serve ne term an$ then leave ""ice.
!0. serve t# terms an$ then leave ""ice.c0. !e $e"eate$ in see*ing a secn$ term " ""ice.$0. serve three r mre terms " ""ice.e0. leave ""ice a"ter !eing electe$ t a thir$ term.
Ans: 4Page: 33Type: Factual
&-0. Presi$ents are n# limite$ t t# terms !y the
a0. Furteenth Amen$ment.!0. i(teenth Amen$ment.c0. =ineteenth Amen$ment.$0. T#enty"irst Amen$ment.e0. T#entysecn$ Amen$ment.
Ans: B
Page: 32Type: )nceptual
&20. The legitimacy " the ""ice " presi$ent #as ai$e$ $uring the years
" the "irst presi$ents !y #hich " the "ll#inga0. The limit place$ n the num!er " terms a presi$ent cul$
serve!0. The minimal rle playe$ !y the early gvernmentc0. The rise in p#er " plitical caucuses$0. The clse relatinship that $evelpe$ !et#een the presi$ent
an$ )ngresse0. =arr# interpretatins " the )nstitutin !y the >nite$ tates
upreme )urt
Ans: %Page: 33Type: Factual
&60. hich " the "ll#ing statements is incorrect
a0. In r$er t #in an electin, a can$i$ate must receive at leasthal" " the vtes " the electral cllege.
!0. 4ach state receives an electral vte "r each mem!er it has inthe use an$ the enate.
c0. In sme states, electral vtes can !e split.$0. tate electrs assem!le in ashingtn t cast their !allts.e0. 4lectral !allts are pene$ !e"re a 'int sessin " )ngress
$uring the "irst #ee* in
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40 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Ans: APage: 33Type: Factual
&0. hich " the "ll#ing statements a!ut electins thr#n int theuse " epresentatives is incorrect
a0. The use chses "rm amng the tp t# can$i$ates.!0. 4ach state casts ne vte.c0. A state+s vte is given t the can$i$ate pre"erre$ !y the
ma'rity " the state+s use $elegatin.
$0. I" there is a tie #ithin a state, that state+s vte is nt cunte$.e0. This prcess is nly use$ #hen n can$i$ate receives a
ma'rity " the vtes " the electral cllege.
Ans: APage: 32Type: Factual
&70. The persnality " #hich presi$ent !egan t alter the relatinship!et#een the presi$ent an$ )ngress an$ the nature " presi$entiallea$ership
a0. An$re# lysses @rantc0. ichar$ =i(n$0.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 41
Ans: BPage: 37Type: )nceptual
330. Frm the e(amples " An$re# .. Constitution.e0. 4(ecutive r$ers.
Ans: A
Page: 39Type: Factual
320. All " the "ll#ing are p#ers that nly the presi$ent is
cnstitutinally entitle$ t e(ercise excepta0. appinting am!assa$rs.!0. serving as military cmman$erinchie".c0. cnvening )ngress in special sessins.$0. receiving am!assa$rs.e0. cmmissin ""icers " the arme$ "rces.
Ans: BPage: 39Type: Factual
360. The p#ers that the presi$ent shares #ith the enate inclu$e
a0. receiving am!assa$rs.!0. ma*ing treaties.c0. granting par$ns "r "e$eral ""enses.$0. #iel$ing legislative p#er.
e0. cmmissin ""icers " the arme$ "rces.
Ans: 4Page: 39Type: Factual
30. $r# ilsn+s 177- #r* n American plitics suggeste$ the!usiness " the presi$ent #as generally
a0. nerverac*ing.!0. highimpact.c0. ungui$e$.$0. $iscretinary an$ critical.e0. rutine an$ a$ministrative.
Ans: APage: 370Type: Factual
370. @rver )levelan$ use$ "e$eral trps t !rea* a la!r stri*e !yinv*ing his p#er t
a0. ta*e care that the la#s !e "aith"ully e(ecute$.!0. prevent rits an$ insurrectins.c0. serve as cmman$erinchie".$0. versee the e(ecutive !ranch.e0. "acilitate First Amen$ment activity.
Ans: 4Page: 370Type: )nceptual
390. Accr$ing t the te(t, the greatest surce " presi$ential p#er lies inthe realm "
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42 Chapter 14: The Presidency
a0. the >.. Constitution.!0. interpretatin " la#s.c0. the e(ecutin " la#s.$0. "reignplicy "rmulatin.e0. plitics an$ pu!lic pinin.
Ans: %Page: 37Type: Factual
-00. >ntil the 1930s, the pattern " >.. legislatin #as that
a0. little initiative #as ta*en !y the presi$ent r )ngress.!0. initiative #as ta*en !y the presi$ent an$ )ngress a!ut
e?ually.c0. initiative #as ta*en !y the presi$ent an$ respn$e$ t !y
)ngress.$0. initiative #as ta*en !y )ngress an$ respn$e$ t !y the
presi$ent.e0. initiative #as ta*en !y the presi$ent #ith the a$vice an$
cnsent " )ngress.
Ans: )
Page: 371Type: Factual
-10. The rule " prpin?uity states that
a0. p#er crrupts, an$ a!slute p#er crrupts a!slutely.!0. p#er ten$s t !e share$ mst evenly #hen lea$ership is
#ea*est.c0. p#er ten$s t !e #iel$e$ !y the peple #h are in the rm
#here a $ecisin is ma$e.$0. p#er is greatest #hen legitimacy is strngest.e0. p#er is rarely $istinguisha!le "rm #ealth an$ "ame.
Ans: APage: 371Type: Factual
-&0. The principal "unctin " the hite use ""ice is t
a0. versee the plitical an$ plicy interests " the presi$ent.!0. a$minister "e$eral $epartments as the presi$ent+s
representative.c0. prepare the natinal !u$get "r the presi$ent.$0. supervise the natinal security agencies, such as the )IA an$
FBI.e0. supervise military intelligence agencies.
Ans: APage: 371Type: Factual
-30. The enate is re?uire$ t cn"irm all " the "ll#ing presi$entialnminatins except
a0. mem!ers " the hite use ""ice.!0. the hea$s " 4(ecutive ""ice agencies.c0. the hea$s " ca!inet $epartments.$0. l#er "e$eral curt 'u$ges.e0. upreme )urt 'ustices.
Ans: BPage: 371Type: Factual
--0. Accr$ing t the te(t, the three meth$s !y #hich a presi$ent canrganiCe his persnal sta"" are
a0. intuitive, pyrami$, an$ circular.!0. pyrami$, circular, an$ a$ hc.c0. circular, a$ hc, an$ intuitive.$0. a$ hc, intuitive, an$ pyrami$.e0. circular, tu!ular, an$ linear.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 43
Ans: BPage: 37&Type: )nceptual
-20. The meth$ " sta"" rganiCatin that pses the ris* " islating rmisin"rming the presi$ent is calle$
a0. intuitive.!0. pyrami$.c0. circular.$0. a$ hc.
e0. linear.
Ans: 4Page: 373Type: )nceptual
-60. Presi$ent )lintn+s use " tas* "rces, cmmittees, an$ in"rmalgrups " "rien$s an$ a$visers is characteristic " #hich meth$ "sta"" rganiCatin
a0. Intuitive!0. Pyrami$c0. )ircular $0. Tu!ular e0. A$ hc
Ans: B
Page: 373Type: )nceptual
-0. hen Presi$ent eagan appinte$ a chie" " sta"" in 1972, he #as
acting accr$ing t #hat m$el " rganiCatina0. )ircular !0. Pyrami$alc0. A$ hc$0. Intuitivee0. ;inear
Ans: )Page: 373Type: Factual
-70. ith respect t a$vice, mst presi$ents $iscver that it is !est t
a0. a$pt an ad hocstructure amng sta"".!0. !e a *in$ " #heel hu! "r numerus assistants Dsp*esE.c0. rely heavily n ne r t# *ey su!r$inates.$0. all# high levels " access "r all #h are intereste$ in having
the presi$ent+s ear.
e0. see* ut the a$vice " mst ca!inet mem!ers.
Ans: APage: 373Type: Factual
-90. T$ay, senir hite use sta"" mem!ers are $ra#n "rm the ran*s"
a0. the presi$ent+s campaign sta"".!0. Ivy league clleges an$ universities.c0. the natin+s tp la# schls.$0. )ngress.e0. the %epartment "
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44 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Page: 37-Type: Factual
$eli!eratins at ca!inet meetings is true
a0. It has !een cnsistent thrughut mst " its histry.!0. It is increasingly imprtant, !ut nly #hen $iscussins are
relate$ t ecnmic issues.c0. It is mre imprtant n# than it riginally #as.$0. It #as mre imprtant riginally than it is n#.
e0. It is largely a "ictin.
Ans: )Page: 37-Type: Factual
2&0. The seating r$er at ca!inet meetings mst accurately re"lects
a0. the imprtance " each $epartment represente$.!0. the plitical clseness " each secretary t the presi$ent.c0. the age " the $epartment.$0. a spirit " penness an$ e?uality.e0. the senirity " the in$ivi$uals in each $epartment.
Ans: APage: 37-Type: Factual
230. The ca!inet ""icers cnsist " the hea$s "
a0. the ma'r e(ecutive $epartments.!0. the ma'r gvernmental agencies an$ cmmissins.
c0. the ma'r gvernmental agencies.$0. in$epen$ent agencies an$ cmmissins.e0. the minr gvernmental agencies.
Ans: 4Page: 37-Type: Factual
2-0. ne reasn a presi$ent has relatively little p#er ver his ca!inet$epartments is !ecause he
a0. cannt appint their hea$s.!0. re?uires enate apprval " his chices "r hea$s " these
$epartments.c0. must share p#er #ith the 'u$icial !ranch " gvernment.$0. must share p#er #ith the legislative !ranch " gvernment.e0. cannt appint mre than a "ractin " their emplyees.
Ans: )Page: 37-372Type: Factual
220. The main reasn the ca!inet is a #ea* entity is that
a0. the secretaries are inherently 'ealus " ne anther.!0. nt all agencies are mem!ers " the ca!inet.c0. the secretaries $e"en$, e(plain, an$ enlarge their #n agencies.$0. they are all persnal "rien$s " the presi$ent.e0. tu!ular rganiCatins schemes inevita!ly clu$ the a!ility "
mem!ers t cmmunicate e""ectively.
Ans: 4Page: 372Type: )nceptual
260. hat $istinguishes e(ecutive an$ in$epen$ent agencies
a0. here they are lcate$!0. hether they reprt t )ngress
c0. # they are "un$e$$0. The num!er " their emplyeese0. The $istinctin is nt altgether clear
Ans: APage: 376Type: Factual
20. The prir #r* e(perience " presi$ential appintees t the e(ecutive!ranch is most li*ely t inclu$e
a0. sme "e$eral agency.!0. private crpratins.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 45
c0. "un$atins.$0. la!r unins.e0. 'u$icial e(perience.
Ans: %Page: 376
Type: )nceptual
270. ichar$ =eusta$t use$ the la!el 8in an$ uters "r
a0. )ngressmen #h incnsistently supprte$ the presi$ent.
!0. mem!ers " the ca!inet #h resigne$ !e"re the en$ " theterm.
c0. presi$ential sta"" mem!ers #ithut e(perience in gvernment.$0. persns #h alternate$ !et#een gvernment an$ private sectr
'!s.e0. !ureaucrats #h change$ party i$enti"icatin #ith sme
"re?uency.
Ans: 4Page: 376Type: )nceptual
290. The 8in an$ uter pr!lem is nt s much " a pr!lem inparliamentary systems !ecause ca!inet ""icers
a0. cme "rm the legislature.!0. are career emplyees in the private sectr.
c0. are party mem!ers.$0. are typically "ulltime career pliticians.e0. a an$ $.
Ans: )Page: 37637Type: Factual
600. A tren$ in recent ca!inet appintments has !een t
a0. inclu$e thse #ith in$epen$ent "ll#ings.!0. appint !th %emcrats an$ epu!licans.c0. inclu$e thse #ithut plitical "ll#ings.$0. appint party lea$ers an$ #r*ers.e0. appint "rmer 'u$ges an$ la#yers.
Ans: %
Page: 37Type: Factual
610. elatinships !et#een hite use sta"" an$ $epartment hea$s are
typically characteriCe$ !ya0. the revlving $r.!0. team#r*.c0. mutual nninter"erence.$0. tensin an$ rivalry.e0. reciprcity.
Ans: )Page: 377Type: )nceptual
6&0. Persnality plays a mre imprtant rle in e(plaining the presi$encythan it $es in e(plaining )ngress !ecause a presi$ent is
a0. mre li*ely t rely n han$sn plitics an$ persuasiveness tenact plicy.
!0. less cnstraine$ !y the rules an$ rles that perate #ithin
gvernment.c0. mre li*ely t !e 'u$ge$ !y his character in a$$itin t hisaccmplishments.
$0. relatively immune "rm pu!lic pinin an$ plls.e0. less cnstraine$ !y the 'u$iciary r current ntins "
cnstitutinal principles.
Ans: BPage: 377
630. The presi$ential character " ;yn$n
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46 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Type: )nceptual a0. the use " talente$ amateurs.!0. persuasin in "acet"ace encunters.c0. care"ul an$ cmplete sta"" #r*.$0. $eep suspicin " the me$ia.e0. !argaining an$ impersnal cmmunicatins.
Ans: %Page: 377Type: )nceptual
6-0. The presi$ential character " ichar$ =i(n #as characteriCe$ !y
a0. the use " talente$ amateurs.!0. persuasin in "acet"ace encunters.c0. care"ul an$ cmplete sta"" #r*.$0. $eep suspicin " the me$ia.e0. pr"essinal cmpetence an$ e(perience.
Ans: %Page: 379Type: )nceptual
620. The presi$ential character " nal$ eagan #as characteriCe$ !y
a0. the use " talente$ amateurs.!0. givean$ta*e, $iscussinriente$ prce$ures.c0. vracius rea$ing n very $etaile$ matters.$0. giving #i$e latitu$e t su!r$inates.
e0. e(pertise an$ e(perience.
Ans: %Page: 390Type: )nceptual
660. Presi$ents nee$ t rely n their p#ers " persuasin !ecause " their
a0. limite$ sta""s an$ s*etchy cnstitutinal p#ers.!0. ppnents #ithin the party.c0. lac* " ensure$ legislative ma'rities an$ ppnents #ithin the
party.$0. s*etchy cnstitutinal p#ers an$ lac* " ensure$ legislative
ma'rities.e0. limite$ sta""s.
Ans: A
Page: 390Type: )nceptual
60. The presi$ential au$iences liste$ !y =eusta$t inclu$e all " the
"ll#ing excepta0. hea$s " state "rm arun$ the #rl$.!0. "ell# pliticians in ashingtn.c0. party activists an$ ""icehl$ers utsi$e ashingtn.$0. the pu!lic.e0. lea$ers in ashingtn.
Ans: APage: 390Type: )nceptual
670. hen Presi$ent Fran*lin sevelt gave the impressin " sel"cn"i$ence an$ !eing n tp " things, the au$ience that #as mostli*ely t perceive him as e""ective cmprise$
a0. "ell# pliticians an$ lea$ers.!0. partisan activists at the state levels.c0. the general pu!lic.
$0. the me$ia.e0. partisan activists at the lcal levels.
Ans: )Page: 390Type: )nceptual
690. hen a presi$ent ma*es "irean$!rimstne speeches cn"irming ashare$ sense " purpse, he is appealing principally t
a0. "ell# pliticians.!0. the me$ia.c0. partisan activists at the state an$ lcal levels.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 47
$0. the general pu!lic.e0. "ell# lea$ers.
Ans: %Page: 390Type: )nceptual
00. hen a presi$ential can$i$ate tal*s n the campaign trail " themany g$ things that he #ul$ accmplish as presi$ent, he isappealing principally t
a0. "ell# lea$ers.!0. the me$ia.c0. partisan activists at the state an$ lcal levels.$0. the general pu!lic.e0. "ell# pliticians.
Ans: )Page: 390391Type: )nceptual
10. Althugh epu!licans gaine$ seats in the use in 1970 an$ 197-,plitical scientists are reluctant t cnclu$e that the gains #ere $ue tpresi$ential cattails !ecause
a0. s many epu!lican can$i$ates ppse$ eagan an$ hiscnservative i$elgy.
!0. eagan ha$ sught t punish s many $islyal epu!lican
can$i$ates.c0. cngressinal electins are "re?uently insulate$ "rm
presi$ential electins.$0. eagan ha$ re'ecte$ the epu!lican plat"rm n #hich s
many epu!lican can$i$ates #ere running.e0. All " the a!ve.
Ans: 4Page: 391Type: Factual
&0. hich " the "ll#ing statements cncerning recent party gains an$lsses in the use an$ enate is incorrect
a0. The epu!licans lst seats in the use in &000.!0. The epu!licans lst seats in the enate in &000.c0. The epu!licans gaine$ seats in the use in &00-.$0. The epu!licans gaine$ seats in the enate in &00-.
e0. =ne " the a!ve.
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48 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Ans: 4Page: 39&Type: Factual
30. hich " the "ll#ing statements is incorrect
a0. @erge Bush entere$ ""ice #ith an apprval rating similar tthe initial rating " Bill )lintn.
!0. Bush ha$ the highest $isapprval rating " any presi$ent sincesuch plling !egan.
c0. Bush+s apprval ratings "r the "irst si( mnths #ere ?uite
typical " pst 1960 presi$ents.$0. Bush receive$ the highest apprval rating ever recr$e$ in the
a"termath " the attac* " eptem!er 11.e0. =ne " the a!ve.
Ans: BPage: 39&Type: Factual
-0. Frm the time " #inning ""ice t the time " leaving it, theppularity " mst recent presi$ents
a0. $ecrease$ stea$ily.!0. $ecrease$ e(cept at electin time.c0. increase$ stea$ily.$0. increase$ e(cept at electin time.e0. reveals n systematic tren$s an$ is impervius t electins an$
campaigns.
Ans: %Page: 391Type: Factual
20. 5em!ers " )ngress pay attentin t the persnal ppularity " apresi$ent !ecause
a0. the presi$ent may !e calle$ n t campaign "r them.!0. the presi$ent may campaign against them in a primary.c0. many mem!ers " )ngress have aspiratins t the presi$ency.$0. pliticians ten$ t rise an$ "all tgether.e0. interest grup cntri!utins "ten $epen$ n perceptins "
pr(imity #ith ppular presi$ents.
Ans: B
Page: 391Type: )nceptual
60. # success"ul a presi$ent is #ith legislatin in )ngress is $i""icult
t gauge !ecausea0. he never reveals his psitin n nncntrversial !ills.!0. he can *eep his victry scre high !y nt ta*ing a psitin n
any cntrversial measure.c0. he $es nt have the p#er t vet !ills " )ngress.$0. he $es nt have the a!ility t sh# his apprval r
$isapprval, since he must nt sign !ills !e"re they can!ecme la#.
e0. he can never vercme the in"luence " interest grup mneyn cngressinal vtes.
Ans: BPage: 39-
Type: Factual
0. The classic e(ample " the hneymn phenmenn #as
a0. arry Truman.
!0. Fran*lin sevelt.c0. ichar$ =i(n.$0. @eral$ Fr$.e0. Bill )lintn.
Ans: %Page: 39-Type: Factual
70. Get p#er an$ e(ecutive privilege give a presi$ent !th a #ay "!lc*ing actin an$ a
a0. rute " appeal t the peple.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 51
Page: 39Type: Factual
a0. have a plicy n almst everything.!0. rely heavily n his pre$ecessr+s prgram.c0. cncentrate n nly a "e# issues at a time.$0. rely n his ca!inet.e0. rely n cngressinal lea$ers.
Ans: BPage: 39Type: Factual
910. A presi$ent #h is uncertain #hether a plicy he is cnsi$ering #ill!e cntrversial #ul$ !e most li*ely t
a0. shi"t the $ecisin t state lea$ers.!0. lea* parts " the plicy t the me$ia.c0. cmmissin a pu!licpinin pll.$0. as* ppsitin lea$ers "r a$vice.e0. shi"t the $ecisin t lcal lea$ers.
Ans: %Page: 397Type: Factual
9&0. ne ma'r cnstraint n a presi$ent+s a!ility t plan an$ $evelp aprgram is the
a0. lac* " ?uali"ie$ aca$emic supprt.!0. T#entythir$ Amen$ment.
c0. threat " a legislative vet.$0. limit " his r her time an$ attentin span.e0. prli"eratin " special interests.
Ans: 4Page: 397Type: Factual
930. The typical #r*#ee* "r a presi$ent num!ers appr(imately
a0. -0 hurs.!0. 22 hurs.c0. 0 hurs.$0. 2 hurs.e0. 90 hurs.
Ans: )
Page: 397Type: Factual
9-0. ne " the crises the )lintn a$ministratin "ace$ #as
a0. civil #ar in =icaragua.!0. the $isslutin " the viet >nin.c0. cntinuing #ar in Bsnia an$ ther parts " Hugslavia.$0. stu$ent re!ellin in )hina.e0. the Irancntra crisis.
Ans: APage: 399Type: )nceptual
920. The apprach ta*en !y mst presi$ents in $ealing #ith thecnstraints that are place$ n their planning an$ $evelping aprgram is t
a0. stic* t a "e# *ey prgrams.!0. $elegate minr prgrams t states.c0. $elegate minr prgrams t cmmunities.$0. push "r many prgrams simultaneusly, e(pecting a "e# t
succee$.e0. rely n rhetric an$ persnal "rien$ships.
Ans: 4Page: 399Type: Factual
960. In recent $eca$es, the t# *ey issues that presi$ents have "cuse$ nin planning an$ $evelping ne# prgrams have !een
a0. military spen$ing an$ scial#el"are prgrams.!0. in"latin an$ the envirnment.c0. military spen$ing an$ the envirnment.
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52 Chapter 14: The Presidency
$0. ta(es an$ the "e$eral !u$get $e"icit.e0. the ecnmy an$ "reign a""airs.
Ans: %Page: 399Type: Factual
90. Almst every presi$ent since ver has trie$ t
a0. increase the siCe " the "e$eral gvernment.
!0. $ecrease the siCe " the military.c0. $ecrease the siCe " the "e$eral gvernment.$0. rerganiCe the e(ecutive !ranch.e0. increase the siCe " the press crps.
Ans: )Page: -00Type: Factual
970. hich " the "ll#ing statements a!ut the legislative vet iscorrect
a0. It is an e""ective tl "r preventing a presi$ent "rmrerganiCing an agency r $epartment.
!0. It #as use$ !y )ngress "r the "irst time $uring the =i(na$ministratin.
c0. It #as rule$ uncnstitutinal !y the upreme )urt in 1973.$0. It is smetimes use$ in place " a regular la# t rerganiCe an
agency r $epartment.e0. It is usually emplye$ #hen there is a sense that curts #ill
revie# a $ecisin.
Ans: 4Page: -00Type: Factual
990. 4very presi$ent since arry Truman has cmmente$ that the p#er" the presi$ency
a0. nee$s t !e limite$ in the $e"ense " "ree$m.!0. is "le(i!le, !ut al#ays a$e?uate t the tas* at han$.c0. nee$s t !e e(pan$e$ in the interest " "ree$m.$0. is greater than it appears t !e "rm the utsi$e.e0. l*s greater "rm the utsi$e than "rm the insi$e.
Ans: APage: -01Type: Factual
1000. hich " the "ll#ing statements a!ut a presi$ent+s serving mrethan t# terms is correct
a0. It has !een $ne !y nly ne presi$ent.!0. It is neither prhi!ite$ nr encurage$ !y the >..
)nstitutin.c0. It is illegal un$er Article II " the >.. Constitution.$0. It has never !een $ne !y a presi$ent.e0. It has !een rule$ uncnstitutinal !y the >.. upreme )urt.
Ans: %Page: -01Type: Factual
1010. >.. presi$ents have !een assassinate$ #hile in ""ice.
a0. ne!0. T#c0. Three
$0. Fur e0. Ten
Ans: 4Page: -01Type: Factual
10&0. hich " the "ll#ing is true a!ut presi$ential electins $uringtimes #hen the cuntry is $eeply $ivi$e$
a0. A presi$ent has the !est chance "r reelectin.!0. Gter apathy is at its highest.c0. Gters ten$ t ignre issues #hich are natinal in character.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 53
$0. Gters ten$ t !ecme preccupie$ #ith lcal electins.e0. A presi$ent sel$m #ins reelectin.
Ans: )Page: -01Type: Factual
1030. hich " the "ll#ing statements a!ut the vicepresi$ential rutet the presi$ency is correct
a0. It has har$ly ever !een a via!le ne.!0. It #r*s !etter thrugh electin than successin.c0. It #r*s !etter thrugh successin than electin.$0. It has !een a via!le ne "r mst vice presi$ents.e0. It has al#ays !een cnteste$ !y party lea$ers an$ utsp*en
mem!ers " the 'u$iciary.
Ans: )Page: -0&Type: Factual
10-0. The cnstitutinal $uty " the vice presi$ent is t
a0. presi$e ver the ca!inet.!0. cr$inate "reign plicy.c0. presi$e ver the enate.$0. supervise the hite use sta"".e0. "acilitate rati"icatin " treaties.
Ans: APage: -0&Type: Factual
1020. h succee$s t the presi$ency i" !th the presi$ent an$ vicepresi$ent $ie
a0. The pea*er " the use!0. The secretary " statec0. The mst senir ca!inet ""icer$0. The enate ma'rity lea$ere0. The enate minrity lea$er
Ans: APage: -0&Type: Factual
1060. h succee$s t the presi$ency i" !th the presi$ent, the vicepresi$ent, and the pea*er " the use $ie
a0. The enate presi$ent pr tempre
!0. The secretary " statec0. The mst senir ca!inet ""icer$0. The enate ma'rity lea$ere0. The enate minrity lea$er
Ans: )Page: -0&Type: Factual
100. The psitin " 8acting presi$ent #as create$ !y
a0. an act " )ngress.!0. e(ecutive rerganiCatin.c0. the T#enty"i"th Amen$ment.$0. the riginal >.. Constitution.e0. an 4(ecutive r$er.
Ans: %Page: -0&Type: )nceptual
1070. hen Presi$ent eagan #as un$er anesthesia #hile !eing perate$n in 1972, the relatinship !et#een him an$ Gice Presi$ent Bush#as gverne$ !y the
a0. uccessin Act " 1776.!0. uccessin Act " 19-.c0. T#entysecn$ Amen$ment.$0. T#enty"i"th Amen$ment.e0. =ne " the a!ve.
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54 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Ans: )Page: -0&Type: )nceptual
1090. A presi$ent su""ers a str*e !ut nevertheless #ants t remain in""ice. The vice presi$ent an$ ca!inet $isagree. h $eci$es #hetherthe presi$ent shul$ cntinue t serve
a0. The presi$ent!0. The vice presi$ent an$ ca!inetc0. )ngress
$0. The upreme )urte0. A #rit " man$amus
Ans: BPage: -0&Type: )nceptual
1100. A presi$ent su""ers a str*e !ut nevertheless #ants t remain in""ice. The vice presi$ent an$ ca!inet $isagree. The presi$ent may !eremve$ !y
a0. impeachment.!0. a t#thir$s vte " )ngress.c0. a upreme )urt ruling.$0. the cm!ine$ pinins " the vice presi$ent an$ ca!inet.e0. a #rit " man$amus.
Ans: APage: -0&Type: Factual
1110. >pn the $eath r incapacitatin " a presi$ent an$ the successin "the vice presi$ent, a ne# vice presi$ent is chsen !y
a0. the ne# presi$ent #ith cngressinal apprval.!0. )ngress.c0. ppular electin.$0. the pea*er " the use.e0. the upreme )urt.
Ans: 4Page: -03Type: Factual
11&0. The !'ects " impeachment have most "re?uently !een
a0. ca!inet mem!ers.!0. "e$eral !ureaucrats.c0. presi$ents.
$0. state gvernrs.e0. "e$eral 'u$ges.
Ans: BPage: -03Type: Factual
1130. An impeache$ presi$ent is al#ays
a0. remve$ "rm ""ice !y the enate.!0. in$icte$ !y the use.c0. remve$ "rm ""ice !y the use.$0. remve$ "rm ""ice !y use lea$ers.e0. in$icte$ !y the enate.
Ans: APage: -03Type: Factual
11-0. $eci$eDsE #hether a presi$ent shul$ !e impeache$.
a0. The use
!0. The enatec0. Bth huses " )ngress$0. The upreme )urte0. The enate
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 55
!0. The usec0. The enate$0. The upreme )urte0. The enate
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56 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Ans: BPage: -06Type: Factual
1&10. hich " the "ll#ing #ul$ not!e a g$ rule " thum! "r ane#ly electe$ presi$ent
a0. 5ve t implement prgrams ?uic*ly.!0. Avi$ $ealing #ith interest grups.c0. Avi$ getting invlve$ in t many $etails.$0. ely n capa!le ai$es.
e0. % nt rely n the ca!inet.
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
Ans: TruePage: 369
1&&0. T F >n$er a parliamentary system, vters can chse amem!er " parliament !ut nt the chie" e(ecutive.
Ans: TruePage: 369
1&30.T F In sharp cntrast t presi$ents, prime ministers areusually plitical insi$ers.
Ans: False
Page: 30
1&-0. T F A ma'r $i""erence !et#een the parliamentary an$
presi$ential systems is that the presi$ent can generally !eassure$ " a ma'rity in the legislature.
Ans: FalsePage: 30
1&20. T F @ri$lc* is a necessary cnse?uence " a system " $irect$emcracy.
Ans: TruePage: 31
1&60. T F True uni"ie$ gvernment is achieve$ nly #hen the samei$elgical #ing " the same party is in cntrl " !th!ranches " gvernment.
Ans: True
Page: 30
1&0.T F Americans say they $n+t li*e $ivi$e$ gvernment.
Ans: TruePage: 3031
1&70.T F Presi$ential can$i$ates "re?uently !eman $ivi$e$gvernment.
Ans: FalsePage: 31
1&90.T F chlarly research suggests $ivi$e$ gvernment re$ucesthe li*elih$ that su!stantive legislatin #ill !e passe$.
Ans: TruePage: 31
1300.T F >ni"ie$ gvernment pr!a!ly re?uires the $minance "!th !ranches !y the same i$elgical #ing " a party.
Ans: FalsePage: 31
1310.T F The eagan a$ministratin "eature$ uni"ie$ gvernment.
Ans: TruePage: 3&
13&0.T F @ri$lc* is pr!a!ly the necessary cnse?uence "representative gvernment.
Ans: TruePage: 3&
1330.T F At the time " the )nstitutinal )nventin, many "the states ha$ gvernrs chsen !y their legislatures.
Ans: TruePage: 3&
13-0. T F me " the Framers prpse$ a plural natinale(ecutive.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 57
Ans: FalsePage: 3&
1320. T F @erge ashingtn st$ at the )nventin an$ calle$"r smething li*e an elective mnarchy.
Ans: TruePage: 3&
1360. T F The ?uestin " presi$ential reelectin #as a ma'r issueat the )nstitutinal )nventin.
Ans: TruePage: 3&
130. T F The Framers thught that mst presi$ential electins#ul$ !e $eci$e$ in the use.
Ans: FalsePage: 33
1370. T F In the electral cllege, vters $eci$e h# electrs arechsen.
Ans: TruePage: 33
1390. T F Pr!a!ly the !est strategy "r capturing the vte " theelectral cllege is t #in the ten largest states.
Ans: False
Page: 33
1-00. T F @erge ashingtn esta!lishe$ the practice " the
presi$ent serving a "uryear term rather than a t#yearterm.
Ans: TruePage: 33
1-10. T F The T#entysecn$ Amen$ment set a limit " t# terms"r the presi$ency.
Ans: TruePage: 3-
1-&0. T F 4arly presi$encies #ere mar*e$ !y minimal gvernmentactivism an$ !y the appintment " men " stature.
Ans: TruePage: 3-
1-30. T F @erge ashingtn sp*e ut against plitical parties.
Ans: TruePage: 32
1--0. T F ashingtn travele$ #i$ely s peple cul$ see the ne#presi$ent.
Ans: FalsePage: 32
1-20. T F ashingtn+s relatinship #ith )ngress #as clse an$psitive.
Ans: FalsePage: 32
1-60. T F Presi$ential p#er #as greatly e(pan$e$ un$er @ergeashingtn.
Ans: TruePage: 32
1-0. T F An$re#
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58 Chapter 14: The Presidency
Ans: FalsePage: 37
1200. T F ;incln supprte$ the 5e(ican ar an$ praise$ An$re#
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 59
Ans: TruePage: 370
1270. T F In r$er t ?uali"y "r the presi$ency, an in$ivi$ual must!e a resi$ent " the >nite$ tates "r at least "urteenyears.
Ans: TruePage: 371
1290. T F In general, p#er is #iel$e$ !y peple #h are in therm #here a $ecisin is ma$e.
Ans: TruePage: 371
1600. T F The titles hel$ !y hite use ai$es "ten "ail t in$icatethe e(tent " their real p#ers.
Ans: TruePage: 37&
1610. T F The circular meth$ " rganiCing the hite use sta""has the virtue " giving the presi$ent a great $eal "in"rmatin.
Ans: TruePage: 371
16&0. T F Presi$ent Fran*lin sevelt alternate$ $i""erent meth$s" sta"" rganiCatin "r $i""erent *in$s " plicy issues.
Ans: FalsePage: 37&
1630. T F The a$ hc meth$ " sta"" rganiCatin helps *eep thepresi$ent in clse cntact #ith gvernment ""icials #hare ultimately respnsi!le "r a$ministrative actin.
Ans: FalsePage: 373
16-0. T F 5st mem!ers " a presi$ents hite use sta"" areplicy e(perts.
Ans: FalsePage: 373
1620. T F The mst imprtant agency #ithin the 4(ecutive ""iceis the ca!inet.
Ans: TruePage: 37-
1660. T F ea$s " agencies in the 4(ecutive ""ice arepresi$ential appintees.
Ans: FalsePage: 373
160. T F Appintments t the hea$s " agencies in the 4(ecutive""ice $ nt re?uire enate apprval.
Ans: TruePage: 37-
1670. T F The presi$ential ca!inet is usually relatively unimprtantin "rmulating a$ministratin prgrams.
Ans: True
Page: 37-
1690. T F The presi$ent appints mre mem!ers " his ca!inet
$epartments than the British prime minister.
Ans: FalsePage: 37-
100. T F The ma'r respnsi!ility " a ca!inet $epartment hea$ ist a$vise the presi$ent n plicy issues.
Ans: TruePage: 372
110. T F The a!un$ance " plitical appintments gives thepresi$ent lts " pprtunities t re#ar$ "rien$s an$
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60 Chapter 14: The Presidency
plitical supprters.
Ans: TruePage: 372
1&0. T F The presi$ent can appint "e$eral 'u$ges, su!'ect tenate apprval.
Ans: TruePage: 376
130. T F 5st presi$ential appintees have ha$ prir e(perience inthe "e$eral gvernment.
Ans: FalsePage: 37637
1-0. T F The te(t suggests presi$ents, t$ay, are mre li*ely t$esire a party lea$er than an 8e(pert in the ca!inet.
Ans: TruePage: 37
120. T F A presi$ent nee$s t cnsi$er imprtant interest grups#hen ma*ing gvernment appintments.
Ans: TruePage: 390
160. T F The general pu!lic is nt usually the mst imprtantau$ience that the presi$ent a$$resses.
Ans: TruePage: 390
10. T F 5st recent presi$ents have pre"erre$ ra$i an$televisin a$$resses t ne#s cn"erences.
Ans: TruePage: 390
170. T F Presi$ents typically lac* the p#er t threatenrecalcitrant mem!ers " )ngress #ith $e"eat at the plls.
Ans: TruePage: 391
190. T F A presi$ent can *eep his victry scre #ith )ngresshigh !y nt ta*ing a psitin n any cntrversialmeasure.
Ans: TruePage: 39&
1700. T F The ppularity " a presi$ent imme$iately a"ter !eings#rn in seems inevita!ly t $ecline !y the mi$termelectins.
Ans: TruePage: 39-
1710. T F The pc*et vet cmes int play nly #hen )ngress hasa$'urne$.
Ans: TruePage: 392
17&0. T F Fe# presi$ential vetes are ever verri$$en !y )ngress.
Ans: TruePage: 396
1730. T F In United States v.Nixon, the upreme )urt re'ecte$=i(n+s claim " a!slute e(ecutive privilege.
Ans: TruePage: 396
17-0. T F The a!ility " the presi$ent t spea* in cn"i$ence has!een greatly restricte$ as a result " recent "e$eral curtrulings limiting the num!er arun$ him t claime(ecutive privilege.
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&160. ;ist sme " the aspects " the presi$ential character " any three presi$ents "rm 4isenh#er t )lintn.%iscuss h# these persnality traits a""ecte$ each a$ministratin.
Answer
a0. 4isenh#er: r$erly, care"ul sta"" #r*
!0. /enne$y: imprviser, talente$ amateursc0.
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Chapter 14: The Presidency 65
&190. n #hat t# grun$s have presi$ents !ase$ their p#er " e(ecutive privilege %i$ the upreme )urtagree
Answer
a0. eparatin " p#ers: ne !ranch $es nt have the right t in?uire int the internal #r*ings "anther
!0. Principles " statecra"t an$ pru$ent a$ministratin re?uire presi$ents having the right t !taincn"i$ential an$ can$i$ a$vice
c0. U.S. v.Nixon D193E: upreme )urt recgniCe$ a !asis "r this privilege in the area " sensitive r$iplmatic matters !ut nt an a!slute privilege.
Page: 396
&&00. hat are the prvisins " the T#enty"i"th Amen$ment
Answer
a0. %isa!ility: vice presi$ent serves as acting presi$ent #henever the presi$ent $eclares himsel" una!le t$ischarge $uties r #henever the vice presi$ent an$ a ma'rity " the ca!inet $eclare the presi$entincapacitate$.
!0. I" the presi$ent $isagrees #ith the pinin " the vice presi$ent an$ ca!inet, )ngress $eci$es. A t#thir$s vte is nee$e$ t cn"irm the presi$ent una!le t serve.
c0. Gice presi$ential vacancy: presi$ent nminates ne# vice presi$ent i" ""ice is vacant, su!'ect tcn"irmatin !y !th huses.
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ESSAY QUESTIONS&&10. Assume yu have !een electe$ presi$ent. Hur gal is t enact a legislative prgram. %iscuss the !est #ay
t achieve this !'ective. Pint ut the strengths an$ #ea*nesses " presi$ential p#er, "cusing n the"actrs a presi$ent can in"luence an$ manipulate.
Answer
a0. Because the presi$ent $es nt cntrl )ngress as $es a prime minister, he r she must usepersuasin t succee$, especially #hen curting the pinins " ashingtn insi$ers.
!0. The presi$ent is mst success"ul #hen his r her ppularity is highK ppularity is highest at the!eginning " a term, s *ey prpsals must !e pushe$ ?uic*ly.
c0. A presi$ent shul$ !e selective in intr$ucing prpsals !ecause " the cnstraints " time,une(pecte$ crises, an$ a cntrlle$ !u$get.
$0. The threat " a vet can !e p#er"ul !ecause )ngress rarely verri$es a vet.
e0. Presi$ent $es nt rely much n the ca!inetK uses capa!le hite use sta""ers an$ gives themclearly $e"ine$ respnsi!ilities.
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66 Chapter 14: The Presidency
&&&0. The p#er " the presi$ent is a htly $e!ate$ issue. me schlars re"er t an 8imperial presi$ency $espitethe Fun$ers+ intentin t ma*e )ngress the 8"irst !ranch. Frm the material in the te(t, argue that)ngress is in$ee$ a mre p#er"ul !ranch than the presi$ency.
Answer
a0. Presi$ent has n guarantee$ supprt in )ngress, an$ the gvernment is "re?uently $ivi$e$.
!0. Presi$ential p#er relies heavily n persuasin an$ presi$ential ppularity ten$s t $ecline as a termprgresses.
c0. Presi$ents have little cntrl ver ca!inet $epartments.
$0. =ne " the presi$ent+s p#ers t say 8n are "inal: vet can !e verri$$enK e(ecutive privilegelimite$ !y upreme )urtK )ngress restricte$ use " impun$ments.
e0. Presi$ent cannt rerganiCe utsi$e the hite use #ithut cngressinal apprval.
"0. Presi$ential cattails have #ea*ene$.
g0. Presi$ents get less than nehal" their prgrams thrugh )ngress.
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&&30. The te(t ta*es a sme#hat uncnventinal vie# " 8gri$lc* in gvernment. hat $es schlarly researchtell us a!ut the impact " 8gri$lc* n legislatin hat cmplicates the ntin " 8uni"ie$ gvernmentan$ h# might it !e a slutin t 8gri$lc* ul$ such a slutin !e g$ r accepta!le t mstAmericans
Answer
a0. chlarly research suggests $ivi$e$ gvernment $es a!ut as #ell as uni"ie$ nes in passingimprtant la#s.
!0. >ni"ie$ gvernment might !e a myth !ecause the parties "eature internal $ivisins an$ there isinstitutinal rivalry !et#een )ngress an$ the Presi$ent in the plicyma*ing prcess.
c0. #eeping cnstitutinal change might cure gri$lc* an$ #ul$ seem t run cntrary t the $esire "many vters #h split tic*ets.
$0. @ri$lc* might !e a necessary cnse?uence " representative gvernment.
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