Chapter 14: Chapter 14: Section 3Section 3

The Intellectual The Intellectual and Artistic and Artistic RenaissanceRenaissance

The Intellectual The Intellectual Renaissance:Renaissance:HumanismHumanism Secular (non-religious) worldviewSecular (non-religious) worldview Emphasis on the individual Emphasis on the individual Freedom of choiceFreedom of choice CapabilityCapability Study of the classics: Greek & Roman Study of the classics: Greek & Roman

literature literature Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy, Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy,

historyhistory Pure classical Latin (Cicero, Virgil)Pure classical Latin (Cicero, Virgil) Petrarch: the father of Renaissance Petrarch: the father of Renaissance

humanismhumanism

““New” HumanismNew” Humanism

Florence, early 15Florence, early 15thth century century It is a duty of an intellectual to live an active It is a duty of an intellectual to live an active

lifelife Participate in civic life = work for the stateParticipate in civic life = work for the state Knowledge of humanities should serve the Knowledge of humanities should serve the

statestate Humanists served as secretaries in city-Humanists served as secretaries in city-

states to princes & popesstates to princes & popes Vernacular literature (Dante, Chaucer, de Vernacular literature (Dante, Chaucer, de

Pizan)Pizan)

Dante, Chaucer, and de Dante, Chaucer, and de PizanPizan

Humanism’s Effect on Humanism’s Effect on EducationEducation Goal: a complete citizen = a well-rounded Goal: a complete citizen = a well-rounded

human being, who possesses virtue, wisdom & human being, who possesses virtue, wisdom & rhetorical skills rhetorical skills

Education = practical preparation for life Education = practical preparation for life education is essentialeducation is essential

Liberal studies: history, philosophy, rhetoric, Liberal studies: history, philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, musicastronomy, music

A sound mind in a sound body A sound mind in a sound body P.E. P.E.

javelin, archery, dance, running, wrestling, javelin, archery, dance, running, wrestling, swimming, huntingswimming, hunting

The Artistic RenaissanceThe Artistic Renaissance

A new world perspectiveA new world perspective Human beings were the focus of Human beings were the focus of

attentionattention The imitation of nature: to see the reality The imitation of nature: to see the reality

of the objects and events they were of the objects and events they were portrayingportraying

Used the laws of perspectiveUsed the laws of perspective Observed nature and the human bodyObserved nature and the human body Tried to achieve ideal beautyTried to achieve ideal beauty

PaintingPainting

Early 15Early 15thth century, century, Masaccio: Masaccio: frescoesfrescoes

Painting on fresh, Painting on fresh, wet plaster w/ wet plaster w/ water paintswater paints

Laws of Laws of perspective: perspective: illusion of 3D illusion of 3D realisticrealistic

St. Gerome and St. John the St. Gerome and St. John the Baptist; St. PaulBaptist; St. Paul

Sandro Botticelli, 65 Sandro Botticelli, 65 (c. 1445-1510)(c. 1445-1510)

PaintingPainting Later 15Later 15thth century, Florentine painters century, Florentine painters

modified Masaccio’s style: Botticelli, modified Masaccio’s style: Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo (the da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo (the last 3 were from the High Renaissance)last 3 were from the High Renaissance)

Laws of perspective + the organization Laws of perspective + the organization of outdoor space & light through of outdoor space & light through geometrygeometry

The investigation of human movement The investigation of human movement & anatomy& anatomy

Leonardo da Vinci, 67Leonardo da Vinci, 67(1452-1519)(1452-1519)

Master of realistic Master of realistic painting (autopsies)painting (autopsies)

Advocated stepping Advocated stepping beyond realism into beyond realism into idealismidealism

To capture the To capture the perfection of nature perfection of nature and the human bodyand the human body

The Mona Lisa; The Last The Mona Lisa; The Last SupperSupper

Rafaelli Sanzio a.k.a. Rafaelli Sanzio a.k.a. Raphael, 37Raphael, 37(1483-1520)(1483-1520)

Virgin Mary paintingsVirgin Mary paintings

FrescoesFrescoes

Tried to surpass Tried to surpass human standards of human standards of beautybeauty

Harmony, balance Harmony, balance and orderand order

The Sistine Madonna; The Sistine Madonna; Madonna with the Book; Madonna with the Book; The School of AthensThe School of Athens

The School of AthensThe School of Athens

Michelangelo Buonarotti, Michelangelo Buonarotti, 8989(1475-1564)(1475-1564)

Painter, sculptor Painter, sculptor architectarchitect

Great passion & energyGreat passion & energy

The ideal type of human The ideal type of human being w/ perfect being w/ perfect proportions = a proportions = a reflection of divine reflection of divine beautybeauty

The Last Judgment; Dome The Last Judgment; Dome of St. Petersof St. Peters

Sculpture and Sculpture and ArchitectureArchitecture In Florence: In Florence: Donatello: statue Donatello: statue

of St. Georgeof St. George Filippo Filippo

Brunelleschi: the Brunelleschi: the church of San church of San LorenzoLorenzo

Renaissance vs. Gothic Renaissance vs. Gothic Styles:Styles:The Cathedral of Notre The Cathedral of Notre Dame Dame

Renaissance vs. Gothic Renaissance vs. Gothic Styles:Styles:The Church of San LorenzoThe Church of San Lorenzo

The Northern Artistic The Northern Artistic Renaissance vs. Italian Renaissance vs. Italian RenaissanceRenaissance In the Low Countries (esp. Flanders) In the Low Countries (esp. Flanders)

vs. Northern Italyvs. Northern Italy Illustrations for books & wooden Illustrations for books & wooden

panels for altarpieces vs. wall panels for altarpieces vs. wall paintings, i.e. frescoespaintings, i.e. frescoes

Small-scale painting vs. large-scale Small-scale painting vs. large-scale paintingpainting

But, BOTH realistic paintingBut, BOTH realistic painting

Jan van Eyck, 46Jan van Eyck, 46(1391-1441)(1391-1441) Flemish painterFlemish painter On of the first On of the first

painters to use oil painters to use oil paint paint

Wide variety of Wide variety of colors & fine detailscolors & fine details

Imitated nature by Imitated nature by observing it (not by observing it (not by using the laws of using the laws of perspective)perspective)

Giovanni Arnolfini and His Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride; Margaretha van EyckBride; Margaretha van Eyck

Albrecht Dürer, 57Albrecht Dürer, 57(1471-1528)(1471-1528)

Nuremberg, Nuremberg, GermanyGermany

Studied in ItalyStudied in Italy Used the laws of Used the laws of

perspectiveperspective Used details Used details

harmoniouslyharmoniously Observed the human Observed the human

body & tried to body & tried to achieve perfect achieve perfect beautybeauty

Adoration of the MagiAdoration of the Magi

Hare; Praying HandsHare; Praying Hands

The EndThe End