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Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore...

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Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves
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Page 1: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Chapter 14: WavesSection 1: Types of Waves

Page 2: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word…

However, waves are found in other forms.

• Definition: wave – a periodic disturbance that transmits energy.

Page 3: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Waves are periodic, which means that they occur one after another in a pattern.

For example…the periodic table list elements one after another in a pattern.

Its easy to see that these ocean waves are periodic…

Page 4: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Waves are a method of energy transfer, and come in several types.

– Definition: mechanical wave – a wave that requires a medium to travel.

•Definition: medium – any type of matter that can support a wave.

Page 5: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Waves can be classified according to how they move…

– Definition: transverse wave – a wave that causes a medium to move perpendicular to the wave’s motion.

Page 6: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Medium

Direction of Wave

TRANSVERSE Wave

Page 7: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

– Definition: longitudinal wave – a wave that causes a medium to move parallel to the wave’s motion.

They are also called “compressional waves”.Why? Because they cause the medium to

compress, or squeeze together.

Page 8: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Direction of Wave

LONGITUDINAL Wave

Page 9: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 10: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 11: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

– All mechanical waves are caused by the vibrations of a medium

Some waves do not need a medium in order to transmit energy…

• Definition: electromagnetic wave – a wave that does not require a medium to travel.

– EM Waves can travel through outer space• There is no medium in outer space…

Page 12: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Some examples of EM waves:– Sunlight

– UV Rays

– Nuclear Radiation

– Lasers

Page 13: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Some uses of EM waves:– Radio– Television– Satellite– GPS Navigation– Telephones– Fiber Optics– Medicine– And on and on and on…

Page 14: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Chapter 14: WavesSection 2: Characteristics of Waves

Page 15: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Crest – the highest point of a transverse wave and the area of highest energy.

• Trough – the lowest point of a transverse wave.

Wave Properties

Page 16: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 17: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

– Amplitude – the vertical distance that a wave moves particles.

– Wavelength – the distance between two troughs of a wave. (meters)

Wave Properties

Page 18: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

•Water waves with a large amplitude are great for surfing!

•They also carry more energy!

Page 19: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

– The amplitude of a wave tells how much energy it is carrying.

– The bigger theamplitude, themore energy the wave has.

Wave Properties

Page 20: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

For a longitudinal wave:•Compressions are like crests.•Rarefactions are like troughs.

Compression Rarefaction

Page 21: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Wave Period – the time it takes for one full wavelength to pass a point.– Waves with longer wavelength’s have a longer

period.

Page 22: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

•Frequency – the number of wavelengths that pass in a certain time period.•Measured in Hertz

(Hz)

Waves with higher frequency transfer more energy.

Which Wave has the higher frequency?

Page 23: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Mechanical waves travel best through solids, and worst through gases.

Because a solid’s atoms are tightly bonded, a vibration is quickly passed between atoms.

ENERGY

?

?

Page 24: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Definition: Doppler Effect – the change of a wave’s frequency caused by motion.

How does the sound of a siren change as a car passes by you?

Page 25: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• If the wave source away from you, the frequency seems lower.

• Why? You’re being hit with more wave each second.

Page 26: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• If the wave source moves toward you, the frequency seems higher.

Why? You’re being hit with more wave each second.

Page 27: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Chapter 14: WavesSection 3: Wave Interactions

Page 28: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Waves are energy, plain and simple.When a wave moves from one medium to another,

some of the wave’s energy may be reflected.• Definition: wave reflection – the bouncing

back of a wave when it hits a surface.

Page 29: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

– We are able to see because light is reflected off objects and back to our eyes.

Smooth materials reflect waves better

than rough materials.

Page 30: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

)))

)))

Rough materials cause waves to collide and lose energy.

Page 31: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

When waves pass the edge of an object, or move through an opening, they bend.

• Definition: diffraction – the bending of a wave when it encounters an obstacle.

•Sound & Light waves diffract when they bend around corners.

Page 32: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Water waves can be diffracted as well.

• Notice how the wave changes as it passes through the opening.

Page 33: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

When a wave passes into a new medium, it can bend.

• Definition: refraction – the bending of a wave as it passes into a different medium.

Refraction causes a wave to change its speed.

Is the spoon really broken? Of course not!

Light entering the water bends, and the image that we see is bent as well!

Page 34: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

Light refraction can “break” white light into colors.

Light passes into a new medium, the prism.

The light wave is separated into 7

colors.

Page 35: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 36: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

• Because waves are made of energy, many of them can exist in the same place @ the same time.

– When multiple waves meet, a new wave is created.

– Definition: wave interference – the process of two or more waves combining to create a new wave.

Wave Interference

Page 37: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

–Constructive interference produces a more powerful wave.

– If the waves interfere with each other at the right time, they will combine to form a larger wave.

Types of Interference

Page 38: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

– Destructive interference produces a wave that is weaker.

– When 2 opposite waves interfere, they will weaken each other. If they are exactly opposite, they’ll cancel out!

Types of Interference

Page 39: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 40: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 41: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.
Page 42: Chapter 14: Waves Section 1: Types of Waves. Most of us picture waves of water splashing on a shore when we hear the word… However, waves are found in.

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