Chapter 15 Cardiovascular System-Heart

Note-taking and study guide

http://www.slideshare.net/hohlert/cardiovascular-notes-heart

Vocabulary Words

PericardiumEpicardiumMyocardiumEndocardiumAtriaVentriclesSuperior vena cavaInferior vena cavaCoronary sinusPulmonary arteryAortaTricuspid valveChordae tendineae

Papillary musclesBicuspid (mitral) valvePulmonary valveAortic valveSinoatrial (SA) nodeAtrioventricular (AV) nodeAtrioventricular (AV) bundle or Bundle of HisPurkinje fibersElectrocardiogram (EKG)DiastoleSystole

Be able to:

Identify all the principle parts of the heart including all valves, chambers, veins and arteries.

Describe the blood flow through the heart in order.

Describe how an action potential is conducted through the heart.

Interpret an EKG.

Understand the factors relating exercise to cardiovascular health.

Understand factors involving age in heart related conditions.

Layers of the Heart

• Pericardium

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

• Epicardium

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

• Myocardium

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

• Endocardium

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart contains__________________chambers.

This varies in other animals. The number of chambers directly relates to how

efficient the oxygenation process is. The human heart is divided by the

________________________in the atria and

the________________________________in the ventricules.

This ensures no blood mixing.

Valves

• ____________________________________ lie between atria and ventricles with blood pushed through by pressure

– ____________________________________________

– ____________________________________________

• _________________________ prevent blood from flowing back into the heart so _________________________________________________

– ___________________________________________________

– ____________________________________________________

Blood Supply to the Heart

• Coronary _________________________

• Feed the ______________________________

• Originate from _________________________________

• Right feeds ____________________________________

• Left feeds ___________________________________

• Deoxygenated ______________________________________________

Conduction System of the Heart

• ________________________ of heart cells generate action potential (ap)

– Pacemaker ___________________________________________

– Conducting system propagates

_______________________________________ throughout the heart

1. Excitation at ___________________________ to both atria which

__________________________

2. Also excites

_________________________________________________

where ap ______________________ for atria to empty

3. Action potential enters __________________________________

in ventricular septum

4. To _________________________________________ and

ventricles contract

The _____________________________ generates action potentials

____________________________ times per minute, faster than any other

region so this is the __________________________________ for the heart.

• ________________________ of heart cells generate action potential (ap)

– Pacemaker ___________________________________________

– Conducting system propagates

_______________________________________ throughout the heart

1. Excitation at ___________________________ to both atria which

__________________________

2. Also excites

_________________________________________________

where ap ______________________ for atria to empty

3. Action potential enters __________________________________

in ventricular septum

4. To _________________________________________ and

ventricles contract

The _____________________________ generates action potentials

____________________________ times per minute, faster than any other

region so this is the __________________________________ for the heart.

Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG

• P wave

• _____________________________

• _______________________________

• ________________________________

• QRS complex

• onset of ____________________________________________

• spreads through the ______________________________

• T wave

• ___________________________________

• ____________________________________

Cardiac Cycle

• Two _______________________________ while ______________________________________ and visa-versa

• Relaxation period

• all __________________________________

• ventricle pressure drops and _____________________________________

• T wave

• Atrial systole (contraction)

• _______________________________

• last of blood into _______________________________

• P wave

• Ventricular systole (contraction)

• _____________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• QRS complex

• Heart Sounds:

• Lubb – ___________________________________________

• Dubb – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Regulation of Heart Rate

• Autonomic

• Originates in__________________________________________

• sympathetic

• _____________________________________________

• parasympathetic

• ____________________________

• ______________________________

• Chemical

• hormones: ________________________________________________

• ions: ___________________________________________

Practice Test Questions:

MATCHING:

1. Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

2. Vale between the right atrium and right ventricle

3. Chamber that pumps blood to the lungs

4. Chamber that pumps blood into aorta

5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from body

6. Valve between the left ventricle and aorta

7. Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A. Aortic valve

B. Right atrium

C. Left atrium

D. Bicuspid (mitral) valve

E. Pulmonary valve

F. Right ventricle

G. Left ventricle

H. Tricuspid valve

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

8. Which of the following statements describes the pericardium?

a. It is a layer of simple squamous epithelium.

b. It lines the inside of the myocardium.

c. It is continuous with the epithelial lining of the large blood vessels.

d. It is responsible for the contraction of the heart.

e. It anchors the heart to the diaphragm.

9. Which blood vessel delivers deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the heart?

a. Pulmonary vein

b. Thoracic aorta

c. Pulmonary artery

d. Interior vena cava

e. Superior vena cava

10. The chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles of the heart

a. are responsible for connecting cardiac muscle fibers for the spread of action potentials.

b. Can develop self-excitability and stimulate contraction

c. Help prevent the AV valves from protruding into the atria when the ventricles contract

d. Help anchor and protect the heart

e. Form the cusps (flaps) of the heart valves

11. Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium?

a. Right ventricle

b. Right atrium

c. Left ventricle

d. Left atrium

e. Coronary sinus

12. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

a. SA node

b. AV node

c. Purkinje fibers

d. AV bundle

e. Right bundle branch

13. In normal heart action,

a. The right atrium and ventricle contract, followed by the contraction of the left atrium and ventricle

b. The order of the contraction is right atrium, then right ventricle, then left atrium and left ventricle

c. The two atria contract together, and then the two ventricles contract together

d. The right atrium and left ventricle contract, followed by the contraction of the left atrium and right ventricle

e. All four chambers of the heart contract and then relax simultaneously.

14. Heart sounds are produced by

a. Contraction the myocardium

b. Closure of the heart valves

c. The flow of blood in the coronary arteries

d. The flow of blood in the ventricles

e. The transmission of action potentials through the conduction system

15. Heart rate and strength of contraction are controlled by the cardiovascular center, which is located in the

a. Cerebrum

b. Pons

c. Right atrium

d. Medulla

e. AV node

16. The portion of the EKG that corresponds to atrial depolarization is the:

a. R peak

b. Space between the T wave and P wave

c. T wave

d. P wav

e. QRS complex

17. Which of the following sequences best represents the pathway of an action potential through the heart’s conduction system?

1. SA node 2. Purkinje fibers 3. AV bundle

4. AV node 5. Right and left bundle branches

a. 1,4,3,2,5

b. 4,1,3,5,2

c. 3,4,1,2,5

d. 1,4,3,5,2

e. 2,5,3,4,1