Chapter 15 Section 3 Erosion and Deposition

Ryan, Jack, Brooke, Jordan, and Becca

Majestic Ocean Sounds

Erosional FeaturesWave Cut Cliffs- a feature of the ocean that forms

from the cutting motion of the surf against land on the coast

Wave Cut Platform- an ocean form that is composed of flat, bench-like surfaces that were left behind from receding cliffso Marine Terraces are a type of wave cut

platform that are uplifted

Erosional FeaturesSea Arches: an oceanfeature that forms when aheadland is eroded and twocaves from opposite sides join together

Sea Stacks: an oceanfeature that forms when thetop, or roof, of a sea archcollapses

Depositional Features

• Some depositional features originate when sediment is displaced by beach drift and longshore currents

Spits-elongated sand ridges that project from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay

Baymouth Bars-sandbars that cross a bay entirely

Tombolos-sand ridges that connect an island to the mainland or to a different island

Depositional Features

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Sea Spit off Turtle Island, Taiwan

Tombolo in California

Barrier Islands:

• These are low ridges of sand parallel to the coast at distances from 3 to 30 kilometers.

• Most are from 1 to 5 kilometers wide and between 15 and 30 kilometers long.

• Barrier Islands are formed in a few ways. Some were originated as spits and were separated from the mainland by wave erosion.

• Others were formed when turbulent waters in the line of breakers piled up sand that had been scraped from the bottom.

Barrier Islands:

A marvelous picture of a barrier island

Shoreline Erosional Problems

1) Bursts of accelerated erosion * impact the natural evolution of the

coast*impact the lives of the people living on the coast

-huge amounts of money are spent annually in order to repair erosional damage and to control erosion

Factors of Shoreline Erosion

• These five factors influence the amount of destruction caused by shoreline erosion:

1. the proximity of a coast to sediment-laden rivers

2. the degree of tectonic activity3. the topography and composition of the land4. prevailing winds and weather patterns5. the configuration of the coastline and

nearshore areas

Hard Stabilization

Hard Stabilization is any form of man made structure built to protect a coast or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach. Examples include groins, breakwaters, and seawalls

Types of Hard Stabilization

Groin- a barrier built at a 90 degree angle to the beach to catch sand that is moving parallel to the shore

Breakwater- a structure guarding a nearshore area from breaking waves

Seawall- a barrier created to stop waves from reaching the area behind the wall. Its purpose is to defend property from the damaging power of breaking waves

Shoreline Erosional Problems•Alternatives to Hard Stabilization

o Beach nourishment; is done by the addition of sand to replenish beaches that are eroding

o Relocation; moving damaged and/or threatened buildings out of dangerous areas

Erosion Video

Works CitedBarrier Island. N.d. Photograph. Futurity. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://www.futurity.org/earth-environment/barrier-islands-more-abundant/>.

Baymouth Bar. N.d. Photograph. So. California. Coastal Processes. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://www.greatneck.k12.ny.us/GNPS/SHS/dept/science/tuomey/Erosion_Deposition_Landscapes>.

Before and After Miami Beach Nourishment Program. N.d. Photograph. Rakontur. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://www.rakontur.com/journal/2008/9/4/working-on-the-1980s-miami-photo-book.html –>.

Erosion and Landforms Movie. YouTube. Dianarabstejnek, 11 Apr. 2011. Web. 26 May 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fztT507KivI&feature=player_embedded>.

Into the Blue Ocean Sounds:Underwater Sound Water Sounds Nature Sounds Music Sleep Music Relax. YouTube. Meditationrelaxclub, 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 26 May 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vm9_1v-1eKc>.

Sea Spit. N.d. Photograph. Turtle Island, Taiwan. Dreamstime. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-aerial-view-sea-spit-image11714961>.

Stack. N.d. Photograph. Torre Sant'Andrea, Southern Italy. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(geology)>.

Tarbuck, Edward J., and Frederick K. Lutgens. "The Dynamic Ocean." Earth Science. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. N. pag. Print.

Tombolo California. N.d. Photograph. Tombolo California. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://geology.about.com/od/structureslandforms/ig/Depositional-Landforms/tombolo.htm –>.

Bali Sea Arch. N.d. Photograph. Natural Arches. Web. 26 May 2013. <http://www.naturalarches.org/gallery-Indonesia-Bali.htm>.