Prepared by Frank J. Torrano, American River College

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 15: The Respiratory System

Respiratory Functions and

Conducting Structures

Alveoli and Lung

Anatomy

External and Internal

Respiration/Gas Diffusion

Respiratory Rate/Aging/ Interactions

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Transport

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FINAL ROUND

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Where does the conducting portion of the respiratory system begin?

a. at the secondary bronchioles

b. at the entrance to the nasal cavity

c. at the nasopharynx

d. at the oropharynx

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Where does the conducting portion of the respiratory system begin?

a. at the secondary bronchioles

b. at the entrance to the nasal cavity

c. at the nasopharynx

d. at the oropharynx

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Respiratory surfaces of the nasal cavity are cleared by mucus produced by the respiratory mucosa and produced in the paranasal sinuses of which bones?

a. ethmoid, maxillary, nasal, and sphenoid

b. frontal, ethmoid, nasal, and parietal

c. sphenoid, maxillary, lacrimal, and sphenoid

d. frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary

Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:

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Respiratory surfaces of the nasal cavity are cleared by mucus produced by the respiratory mucosa and produced in the paranasal sinuses of which bones?

a. ethmoid, maxillary, nasal, and sphenoid

b. frontal, ethmoid, nasal, and parietal

c. sphenoid, maxillary, lacrimal, and sphenoid

d. frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary

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Posterior support to the larynx is provided by which of the following?

a. the thyroid cartilage

b. the epiglottis

c. the trachealis muscle

d. the cricoid cartilage

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Posterior support to the larynx is provided by which of the following?

a. the thyroid cartilage

b. the epiglottis

c. the trachealis muscle

d. the cricoid cartilage

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Why are children's voices high-pitched?

a. The larynx is smaller with wide, long vocal cords.

b. The epiglottis is thinner and more elastic.

c. The larynx is smaller with slender, short vocalcords.

d. The elastic ligaments, which extend between the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages, are tighter.

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Why are children's voices high-pitched?

a. The larynx is smaller with wide, long vocal cords.

b. The epiglottis is thinner and more elastic.

c. The larynx is smaller with slender, short vocal cords.

d. The elastic ligaments, which extend between the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages, are tighter.

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Through which parts of the pharynx do food and drink normally pass during ingestion?

a. nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

b. nasopharynx and oropharynx only

c. nasopharynx and laryngopharynx only

d. oropharynx and laryngopharynx only

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Through which parts of the pharynx do food and drink normally pass during ingestion?

a. nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

b. nasopharynx and oropharynx only

c. nasopharynx and laryngopharynx only

d. oropharynx and laryngopharynx only

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Where do terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles?

a. at the alveolar ducts

b. at the secondary bronchi

c. within a lobule

d. at the alveolar sacs

Alveoli and Lung Anatomy:

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Where do terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles?

a. at the alveolar ducts

b. at the secondary bronchi

c. within a lobule

d. at the alveolar sacs

Alveoli and Lung Anatomy:

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Each lung contains about how many alveoli?

a. 100,000

b. 750,000

c. 1 million

d. 150 million

Alveoli and Lung Anatomy:

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Each lung contains about how many alveoli?

a. 100,000

b. 750,000

c. 1 million

d. 150 million

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What cells are known as dust cells?

a. septal cells

b. alveolar macrophages

c. squamous epithelial cells of the lungs

d. pleural cells

Alveoli and Lung Anatomy:

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What cells are known as dust cells?

a. septal cells

b. alveolar macrophages

c. squamous epithelial cells of the lungs

d. pleural cells

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Which portion of both lungs has grooves that mark the passage of large blood vessels and indentations of the pericardium?

a. apex

b. costal surface

c. mediastinal surface

d. base

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Which portion of both lungs has grooves that mark the passage of large blood vessels and indentations of the pericardium?

a. apex

b. costal surface

c. mediastinal surface

d. base

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Surfactant, which prevents alveolar collapse, is produced by which cells?

a. alveolar epithelial cells (pneumocytes type I)

b. septal cells (pneumocytes type II)

c. capillary epithelial cells

d. macrophages

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Surfactant, which prevents alveolar collapse, is produced by which cells?

a. alveolar epithelial cells (pneumocytes type I)

b. septal cells (pneumocytes type II)

c. capillary epithelial cells

d. macrophages

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The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is the

a. minimal volume.

b. residual volume.

c. expiratory reserve volume.

d. anatomical dead space.

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is the

a. minimal volume.

b. residual volume.

c. expiratory reserve volume.

d. anatomical dead space.

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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Blood in the veins of the pulmonary circuit has a relatively high partial pressure of ________ and relatively low partial pressure of ________.

a. N2 ; O2

b. CO2 ; N2

c. CO2 ; O2

d. O2 ; CO2

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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Blood in the veins of the pulmonary circuit has a relatively high partial pressure of ________ and relatively low partial pressure of ________.

a. N2 ; O2

b. CO2 ; N2

c. CO2 ; O2

d. O2 ; CO2

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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At which point does thoracic cavity volume decrease and pressure inside rise?

a. during forced inhalation

b. during exhalation

c. at rest

d. during quiet inhalation

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $300 Question

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At which point does thoracic cavity volume decrease and pressure inside rise?

a. during forced inhalation

b. during exhalation

c. at rest

d. during quiet inhalation

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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Which of the following is not a component of vital capacity?

a. inspiratory reserve volume

b. tidal volume

c. residual volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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ANSWER

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Which of the following is not a component of vital capacity?

a. inspiratory reserve volume

b. tidal volume

c. residual volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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Which muscles act to lower the rib cage?

a. sternocleidomastoid and external intercostals

b. internal intercostals and rectus abdominis

c. internal intercostals and sternocleidomastoid

d. external intercostals and rectus abdominis

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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Which muscles act to lower the rib cage?

a. sternocleidomastoid and external intercostals

b. internal intercostals and rectus abdominis

c. internal intercostals and sternocleidomastoid

d. external intercostals and rectus abdominis

External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:

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Which of the following gases has the lowest partial pressure in inhaled air?

a. water vapor

b. oxygen

c. nitrogen

d. carbon dioxide

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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ANSWER

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Which of the following gases has the lowest partial pressure in inhaled air?

a. water vapor

b. oxygen

c. nitrogen

d. carbon dioxide

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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Nearly all the oxygen in the blood is carried

a. in the form of bicarbonate ions.

b. as oxygen gas dissolved in the plasma.

c. attached to iron atoms in the heme units of hemoglobin.

d. attached to hemoglobin at the same sites that bind carbon dioxide.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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Nearly all the oxygen in the blood is carried

a. in the form of bicarbonate ions.

b. as oxygen gas dissolved in the plasma.

c. attached to iron atoms in the heme units of hemoglobin.

d. attached to hemoglobin at the same sites that bind carbon dioxide.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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What happens to the majority of carbon dioxide molecules in plasma?

a. They are diffused out of erythrocytes.

b. They are absorbed by peripheral capillaries.

c. They are diffused into erythrocytes.

d. They are degraded by carbonic acid.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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What happens to the majority of carbon dioxide molecules in plasma?

a. They are diffused out of erythrocytes.

b. They are absorbed by peripheral capillaries.

c. They are diffused into erythrocytes.

d. They are degraded by carbonic acid.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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Which of the following statements is true regarding internal respiration?

a. Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid increases the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2.

b. Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2.

c. Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid increases the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2.

d. Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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ANSWER

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Which of the following statements is true regarding internal respiration?

a. Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid raises the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2.

b. Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2.

c. Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid increases the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2.

d. Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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What occurs when the pH of interstitial fluid declines?

a. Hemoglobin molecules release their bound oxygen molecules more readily.

b. Body temperature declines and carbonic acid is readily formed, releasing oxygen molecules.

c. Hemoglobin molecules release their bound carbon dioxide molecules more readily.

d. Hemoglobin molecules bind their bound oxygen molecules more tightly.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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ANSWER

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What occurs when the pH of interstitial fluid declines?

a. Hemoglobin molecules release their bound oxygen molecules more readily.

b. Body temperature declines and carbonic acid is readily formed, releasing oxygen molecules.

c. Hemoglobin molecules release their bound carbon dioxide molecules more readily.

d. Hemoglobin molecules bind their bound oxygen molecules more tightly.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport:

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If peripheral tissue becomes more active,

a. pO2 falls and pCO2 rises.

b. pO2 rises and pCO2 falls.

c. pO2 and pCO2 both fall.

d. pO2 and pCO2 both rise.

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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ANSWER

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If peripheral tissue becomes more active,

a. pO2 falls and pCO2 rises.

b. pO2 rises and pCO2 falls.

c. pO2 and pCO2 both fall.

d. pO2 and pCO2 both rise.

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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In which of the following is an expiratory center found?

a. at the carotid bodies

b. in the ventral respiratory group

c. at the pons

d. in the dorsal respiratory group

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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In which of the following is an expiratory center found?

a. at the carotid bodies

b. in the ventral respiratory group

c. at the pons

d. in the dorsal respiratory group

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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Which of the following factors will reduce the respiratory rate?

a. elevated body temperature

b. caffeine and amphetamine

c. decreased body temperature

d. decreased blood pH

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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ANSWER

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Which of the following factors will reduce the respiratory rate?

a. elevated body temperature

b. caffeine and amphetamine

c. decreased body temperature

d. decreased blood pH

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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Which system transports carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions, which helps the buffering capability of blood against pH changes?

a. cardiovascular system

b. digestive system

c. endocrine system

d. respiratory system

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

$400 Question

ANSWER

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Which system transports carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions, which helps the buffering capability of blood against pH changes?

a. cardiovascular system

b. digestive system

c. endocrine system

d. respiratory system

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

$400 Answer

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Which of the following statements is true regarding chemoreceptors?

a. Stimulation leads to a decrease in depth and rate of respiration.

b. Receptors in the medulla oblongata respond to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in CSF.

c. Aortic bodies are sensitive to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in arterial blood.

d. Aortic bodies respond to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in venous blood.

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

$500 Question

ANSWER

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Which of the following statements is true regarding chemoreceptors?

a. Stimulation leads to a decrease in depth and rate of respiration.

b. Receptors in the medulla oblongata respond to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in CSF.

c. Aortic bodies are sensitive to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in arterial blood.

d. Aortic bodies respond to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in venous blood.

Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions:

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Which of the following statements regarding gas transport is true?

a. Endothelial cells take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

b. Alveolar cells take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

c. Leukocytes take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

d. Erythrocytes take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

FINAL ROUND Question

ANSWER

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Which of the following statements regarding gas transport is true?

a. Endothelial cells take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

b. Alveolar cells take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

c. Leukocytes take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

d. Erythrocytes take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.

FINAL ROUND Answer

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