Design Manual Revision – Chapter ReviewWhen your review is complete return this file to the HQ Chapter Revision Lead.

TO: Design Manual Points of Contact (POCs)RE: Design Manual Chapter Review

Chapter/Title: Revised sections of 1510 Pedestrian Facilities

HQ Chapter Revision Lead: Flint Jackson, HQ Traffic office

HQ Review Manager: Kurt Sielbach, HQ Design office

Reasons for Revision: HQ Traffic provided

The following sections are revised and provided below for your review and comment.

1510.05 (2) – Minor revision to MEF documentation 1510.05(2)(a) – A new section added to provide clarification on when to address accessibility at

signalized intersections 1510.09(2)(b) – Clarification on maximum running slope of a ramp 1510.10(2)(b) – Revised the threshold for city population to 27,500 (RCW 47.24.020 was revised in the

2018 Legislative session) 1510.12 –Information transferred from Chapter 1330. 1510.12(1)(a) – Moved pertinent information from 1510.12(3) to this section 1510.12(1)(b) – Guidance reorganized and rewritten 1510.12(2) – Moved guidance for when Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS) are required to be installed

to Chapter 1330

Review Comment Deadline: May 22, 2018

Instructions for Points of Contact (POCS) and Reviewers:

POCs: Please distribute to those reviewers in your region/area who have a stake in this revision, and:1. Include a deadline for its return to you.2. Incorporate all the review edits/comments into one document.3. Complete the appropriate areas below:

In (a), indicate your WSDOT entity: region/area/HQ Org In (b), check the selection that aligns with your entity’s opinions

4. Email the completed review chapter, with this form, back to the Chapter Lead prior to/by the comment deadline.

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REVIEWERS: Please make your edits/comments in the chapter, then send it back to your POC.

(a) Our region/area/org is:

Eastern North Central South Central Southwest Olympic Baker

SnoKing AWV FHWA X Other (specify): ATD

(b) Our region/area/org has reviewed this revision and we:

____ Support the chapter as is (no changes).

__X__ Support the chapter with the attached changes.

____ Cannot support this policy revision for the following reason(s):

It is difficult to review these changes outside of the entirety of Ch 1510. In the future please include proposed changes with the entire chapter. Overall, recommend renaming this chapter “ADA Requirements.” A new chapter is needed to address all aspects of pedestrian design, most likely Ch 1500.Where possible replace the word pedestrian with the term people walking or people who walk.

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Minor clarification to bullet point in this section:

1510.05(2) Alteration Project• For any deficient element that does not match the preceding description, document the

decision via a stamped and signed Maximum Extent Feasible (MEF) document. The MEF document will be reviewed by the appropriate Assistant State Design Engineer (ASDE) and the Headquarters (HQ) ADA Compliance Manager. If acceptable, the MEF document will be approved and included in the DDP.

This is a new section:

1510.05(2)(a) Additional Requirements for Crossings with Pedestrian Pushbuttons

Sidewalk and curb ramp work must be coordinated with signal system work to ensure that signal poles with pedestrian equipment meet accessibility requirements for APS pushbuttons to the maximum extent feasible. The work required for each signal system location is determined as follows:

1. If no sidewalk ramp work is being performed at a signal system location, no work is required for that signal system as part of the project.

2. If any ramp is being reconstructed at a signal system location, and the traffic signal system is owned by WSDOT, then all poles with pedestrian equipment must be made accessible for the entire traffic signal system at that location. This may require new or relocated poles, as well as additional ramp and sidewalk work beyond that necessary for basic sidewalk and ramp ADA compliance.

3. If any ramp is being reconstructed at a signal system location, and the traffic signal system is owned by another agency, only poles serving a crossing where either ramp is being reconstructed are required to be made accessible as part of the project. This may require reconstruction of the opposing ramp, landing, or sidewalk area. The remaining crossings and poles may be addressed if the owning agency wishes to participate in the project.

If APS pushbuttons are not being installed as part of the project, any revised pole locations must meet accessibility requirements for both APS and conventional pushbuttons. Generally, a location that is accessible with an APS pushbutton will be accessible with a conventional pushbutton, but verification is required.

Locations where these requirements cannot be fully met shall follow the procedures for maximum extent feasible described above.

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Minor clarification to bullet point in this section:

1510.09(2) Accessibility Criteria for Curb Ramps

The accessibility criteria for pedestrian circulation paths and pedestrian access routes (see 1510.06 and 1510.07) also apply to curb ramps unless superseded by the following accessibility criteria specifically for curb ramps.

1510.09(2)(a) Clear Width• The clear width of curb ramps and their landings shall be 4 feet minimum, excluding

flares.

1510.09(2)(b) Running Slope• The running slope of curb ramps shall not exceed 8.3% maximum.

Note: It is recommended that running slopes be designed to be less than the allowed maximum to allow for some tolerance in construction. For example, design for a maximum 7.5% curb ramp running slope (rather than the 8.3% maximum).

• The running slope of a perpendicular curb ramp shall intersect the gutter grade break at a right angle at the back of curb.

• If the maximum running slope of 8.3% cannot be achieved based on physical conditions, the ramp must be as flat as possible and The curb ramp maximum running slope shall not require the ramp length to exceed 15 feet.

This section updated for change in population threshold:

1510.10(2)(b) Marked Crossings

Marked crosswalks are used at intersections or midblock crossings. They are not to be used indiscriminately. Maintenance agreements and RCW 47.24.020(30) provide jurisdictional authority for decisions to mark crosswalks based on a population threshold of 25,00027,500 and should be consulted prior to a decision to mark a crosswalk. Consult region Traffic Offices for “best practices” for marking crosswalks based on intersection type. The MUTCD is a good resource to use when evaluating locations for marking consideration.

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The inserted information in this section (1510.12) was transferred from 1330.03(3):

1510.12 Pedestrian Pushbuttons at SignalsAdditional sidewalk criteria must be met to accommodate pedestrians at locations with pedestrian pushbuttons, such as signalized intersections. Mobility assistance devices such as wheelchairs and scooters add complexity to the system design. Coordination is required between sidewalk design, curb ramp design and pedestrian pushbutton (PPB) placement. In most cases, an initial sidewalk and curb ramp design should be developed, and then adjustments made as necessary to accommodate the PPBs and ensure that the pedestrian access route is maintained. The following describe the required level clear space for PPBs (see Exhibit 1510-23):

The level clear space must be a minimum of 36 inches by 60 inches in size, unobstructed, with the PPB centered along one of the 60 inch sides. Possible obstructions include the pole baseplate and the pushbutton itself.

12 inches of additional traversable surface (such as sidewalk) is required at each end of the 60 inch level clear space for a total unobstructed area of 36 inches by 84 inches. Curb ramp slopes are considered traversable for these purposes.

To be considered level, the level clear space may have a maximum of 2% cross slope and 2% running slope.

Note: It is recommended that cross slopes and running slopes be designed to be less than the allowed maximum to allow for some tolerance in construction. For example, design the level clear space for a maximum 1.5% cross slope and running slope (rather than 2% maximum).

The level clear space should be centered relative to the pole with the PPB either facing the level clear space, or with the face of the PPB rotated up to 90 degrees as needed to align the tactile arrow of an APS PPB with the direction of crossing.

The level clear space should be as close to the PPB as possible, but may be up to 9 inches away from the center of the physical pushbutton (not the housing or assembly), as measured perpendicular from one of the 60 inch sides. Measuring from the center of the pole upon which the PPB is mounted will normally result in the PPB meeting the 9 inch reach requirement.

When designing pedestrian signals, consider the needs of all pedestrians, including older pedestrians and pedestrians with disabilities who might walk at a significantly slower pace than the average pedestrian. Determine whether there are pedestrian generators in the project vicinity that might attract older people and pedestrians with disabilities, and adjust signal timing accordingly. When pedestrian signals are newly installed, replaced, or significantly modified, include accessible pedestrian signal (APS) pushbuttons and countdown pedestrian displays as described in 1510.12(2).

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Typical Pedestrian PushbuttonBasic Level Clear Space for Pedestrian PushbuttonsExhibit 1510-23

Moved pertinent information from 1510.12(3) to this section and updated.

1510.12(1) Accessibility Criteria for All Pedestrian Pushbuttons (including APS)Ramp and Sidewalk Adjustments for Pedestrian Pushbutton Accessibility

1510.12(1)(a) Location Requirements

Pedestrian pushbuttons have restrictions limiting potential locations for them at a crossing. Pedestrian pushbuttons must be:

• Not greater thanA maximum of 5 feet from the crosswalk line (extended) that is farthest from the center of the intersection.

• Between 1½4 feet and 10 feet from the edge of the curb, shoulder, or pavement. The near distance may be reduced to 1 ½ feet if absolutely necessary, but is not recommended due to proximity to the roadway and its associated risks.

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• Installed so that the center of the pushbutton is no more than 10 inches from the edge of the walking surface. For new construction, this is reduced to 9 inches to allow for some field adjustment and construction tolerance. Reach range may never exceed 10 inches.

• Mounting height: 42 inches desirable, 48 inches maximum, 15 inches minimum.Installed such that the actual button is centered at 42 inches above the walking surface. Existing pushbuttons do not need to be adjusted if the center of the button is between 36 inches and 48 inches above the walking surface.

• Oriented such that the sign face is parallel to the crosswalk. Typically, this is what complicates ramp layout and button placement the most with APS pushbuttons.

See Chapter 1330 for additional details and diagrams regarding pushbutton placement.

1510.12(1)(b) Providing Clear Space Requirementsfor Pedestrian Pushbuttons

The clear space for a pedestrian pushbutton is not required to be concurrent with a ramp landing, but it may be. A section of sidewalk meeting the criteria outlined in 1510.12 may be used as the required clear space for a pedestrian pushbutton, but it must be connected to the crosswalk with a PAR.

Where a ramp landing is used concurrently as the level clear space for a pedestrian pushbutton, some adjustments may be required. The following are examples of ramp adjustments to accommodate pedestrian pushbuttons:

1. Perpendicular Ramps.

Where the sidewalk adjacent to the required ramp landing also has grades of 2% or less for the running and cross slopes, no changes are required (see Exhibit 1510-24a). Where the sidewalk adjacent to the required ramp landing is steeper than 2% in any direction, the ramp and landing must be widened to at least 60 inches (see Exhibit 1510-24b).

2. Parallel Ramps.

Due to the adjacent ramp slopes of parallel ramps, the ramp landing must be widened to 60 inches (see Exhibit 1510-24c)

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Perpendicular Ramp with PPB and Level SidewalkExhibit 1510-24a

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Perpendicular Ramp with PPB and Sloped SidewalkExhibit 1510-24b

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Parallel Ramp with PPBExhibit 1510-24c

The information below was deleted from this section:

• Grade: 2% maximum running and cross slopes.

• Clear space dimensions: 30 inches minimum width by 48 inches minimum length (see Exhibit 1510-24). [Note: These are minimum ADA dimensions. See Chapter 1330 for updated WSDOT policy regarding these dimensions.]

• Clear space is allowed to overlap other PAR elements (i.e., sidewalk/curb ramp landing).

• Clear space must be connected to the crosswalk served by the pedestrian pushbutton with a PAR.

Parallel Forward

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Note: A desirable clear space accommodates the full spectrum of wheeled mobility device users approaching the pedestrian pushbutton from multiple directions. Consider providing 36 inches width and up to 84 inches length designed for a parallel approach with the pedestrian pushbutton centered within the length.

Clear Space Parallel and Forward Approach OrientationExhibit 1510-24

The information below was deleted from this section:

1510.12(1)(c) Reach Range Requirements [Minimum ADA criteria. See Chapter 1330 for updated WSDOT policy.]

• The provided clear space must be within reach range of the pedestrian pushbutton.

• For a parallel approach pedestrian pushbutton that has a mounting height greater than 46 inches and not more than 48 inches, the reach range is 10 inches maximum.

• For a parallel approach pedestrian pushbutton that has a mounting height 46 inches or less, the reach range is 24 inches maximum; however, design for 10 inches or less reach range whenever possible.

• For a forward approach pedestrian pushbutton, the reach range is 0 (zero) inches maximum regardless of mounting height. The pushbutton must either be placed at the very edge of the clear space or extend into the clear space while providing knee and toe clearance for a wheeled mobility device user (see PROWAG).

Note: Due to the challenges associated with providing reach range, it is desirable to design clear space for a parallel approach whenever possible.

The deleted information in this section was transferred to 1330.04(4)(a):

1510.12(2) Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS)

At all locations where pedestrian signals are newly installed, replaced, or significantly modified, the installation of accessible pedestrian signals and countdown pedestrian displays is required. Note: Simply moving existing pedestrian pushbuttons to satellite poles to improve accessibility is not by itself considered a significant modification of the pedestrian signal.

When APS and countdown pedestrian display improvements are made, they shall be made for all locations associated with the system being improved. APS includes audible and vibrotactile indications of the WALK interval. Installation of these devices may require improvements to existing sidewalks and curb ramps to ensure ADA compliance.See Chapter 1330 for when APS are required to be installed at signalized intersections or crossings. APS are not installed as part of crosswalk flashing beacon systems.

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Accessible Pedestrian Signal Pushbutton StationsExhibit 1510-25

The deleted information in this section was transferred to 1330.04(4)(a):

1510.12(3) Accessibility Criteria for Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS)

In addition to the general pedestrian pushbutton accessibility criteria described in 1510.12(1), the following criteria apply to APS installations:

• APS pushbuttons shall have a locator tone that operates during the DON’T WALK and the flashing DON’T WALK intervals only.

• APS pushbuttons must have both audible and vibrotactile indications of the WALK interval.

• APS pushbutton controls and signs shall be installed facing the intersection and be parallel to the crosswalk served.

• An APS pushbutton shall have a tactile arrow that indicates the crossing direction activated by the pushbutton.

• An APS pushbutton provides high contrast (light-on-dark or dark-on-light) against its background.

• If extended pushbutton press features are available, the APS pushbutton shall be marked with three braille dots forming an equilateral triangle in the center of the pushbutton.

• If additional crossing time is provided by an extended pushbutton press feature, then an R10-32P (MUTCD) plaque shall be mounted adjacent to or integral with the APS pushbutton.

• If the pedestrian clearance time is sufficient only to cross from the curb or shoulder to a median to wait for the next cycle, then an additional APS pushbutton shall be provided in the median.

• The desirable spacing between the APS pushbuttons is 10 feet minimum (5 feet minimum spacing on medians and islands), if feasible.

• If the spacing between the APS pushbuttons is 10 feet or greater, the audible WALK indication shall be a percussive tone.

• If the spacing between the APS pushbuttons is less than 10 feet, the audible WALK indication shall be a speech walk message, and a speech pushbutton information message shall be provided.

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Refer to the MUTCD for further design guidance. Also, consult with HQ Traffic Operations and either region or city maintenance personnel (as appropriate) for current equipment specifications and additional maintenance requirements.

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