Chapter 16

Medicine and Illegal Drugs

Lesson 1

• What are drugs?

Drugs

• Is any chemical substances that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state.

How drugs enter your body• 1-ointments or

eardrops applied directly to certain areas

• 2-transdermal(patches allow absorption into bloodstream)

• 3-Smoked or inhaled

• 4-Injected• 5-swallowed

Lesson 2

• Using Drugs as Medicine

Medicine

• Any drug that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort

Prescription Medicine• Written order from a doctor for a certain

medicine or treatment

Over-the-counter

• Any medicine that can be bought without a prescription

Drug Interaction

• Any effect of a drug that is different from what should be expected if the drug is taken at the same time as another drug

Side effect

• Any effect that is caused by a drug and that is different from the drug’s intended effect– Loss of hair– Dizziness,– Exhaustion– Nausea– others

Tolerance

• Is the body’s ability to resist the effects of a drug

Food and Drug Administration(FDA)

• Government agency that controls the safety of food and drugs in the United States

Drug Approval Process

Lesson 3

• Drug Abuse and Addiction

Drug Addiction

• Uncontrollable use of a drug

Dependence

• A person needing a drug in order to function properly

Physical Dependence

• Body’s need for a drug

Withdrawals

• Symptoms– Depression– Nervousness– Sleeplessness– irritability

Problems with addiction

• Hurts oneself• Hurts others• Mood swings• Lying to loved ones• Focusing in school• Cost of addiction

Lesson 4

• Stimulants and Depressants

Stimulants

• Drug that increases the body’s activity• Increases heart rate• Increases breathing• Increases blood pressure

Examples of stimulants

• Mild stimulants– Tea– Coffee– Soft drinks– Chocolate

• Hard stimulants– Crack– Cocaine– methamphetamine

Cocaine and Crack

• Most widely abused illegal stimulants. Comes from a coca plant grown in South America.

• Cocaine is usually inhaled

• Crack (rock)is smoked

Physical symptoms of Crack and Cocaine

• Increase of heart rate• Increase of blood pressure• Heart attack• Strokes• Brain damage• death

Euphoria

• A physical or mental sense of well-being

Methamphetamine

• Very powerful synthetic stimulant– Smoked – Injected• Decrease appetite • Increase body temperature

– Damage to kidneys– Damage to liver– Damage to brain– Death

Depressants

• Decreases body activity– Decrease blood pressure– Drop in heart rate– Drop in breathing

Sedatives

• Have a mild relaxation to deep sleep

Tranquilizers

• Are mild depressants that are used in small doses to treat anxiety

Barbiturates

• Strong depressants that are used to treat sleep disorders and seizures

Hypnotics

• Extremely powerful depressants that can cause sleep, loss of muscle control, and loss of memory

Rohypnol

• Powerful hypnotic depressant

• Used for surgery and to treat sleep disorders

• Not used in America but is brought in from other countries

Lesson 5

• Marijuana

Marijuana

• Is a dried flower and leaf from the Cannabis plant

• Many different names– Pot – Dope– Mary Jane– Green – Bud– reefer

Effects of Marijuana

• Some feel a stimulant affect• Some feel a depressant affect– Mild euphoria– Distortion of time and distance– Reduced energy and coordination– Sensitivity to sights and sounds– Increased appetite– Decreased memory– Slower reaction time

THC

• tetrahydrocannabinol

Serious effects of marijuana

• Thinking and concentration decreased• Difficulty reaching any goals• Decreases energy• Circulatory problems• emphysema

Lesson 6

• Opiates

Opiates

• Milk from a opium poppy

Opiates

• Extremely addictive sometime after just one use

• Often there is a strong tolerance so there is a danger of overdose

Opiate withdrawals

• Cramps• Vomiting• Muscle pain • Shaking• Chills• Panic attacks

Medical uses for Opiates

• Painkillers• Suppress coughs• Intestinal problems

Heroin• Most

powerful addictive opiate that exists

• It is made from morphine

• Can be smoked, inhaled or injected.

Lesson 7

• Hallucinogens and Inhalants

Hallucinogens

• Any drug that causes a person to hear or see things that are not present.

Flashback

• Is an event in which a hallucinogen’s effects happen again long after the drug was originally taken– They occur days, weeks

or even years.– They last for seconds to

hours

Inhalant

• Any drug that is absorbed through the lungs

• Household cleaners• Spray paint• Glues• Freon• Nitrous oxide (laughing gas

Inhalants produce

• Hallucinations• Lack of coordination• Distortion of time and distance• Difficulty speaking or thinking• Brain damage• Sudden death

Designer Drugs

• Is a drug that is produced by making a small chemical change to a drug that already exists– Ecstasy– GHB– Ketamine

Ecstasy(MDMA)

• Mind-altering drug that was created from the powerful stimulant methamphetamine– XTC– E– X– Adam

Ecstasy

• Causes– Dry mouth– Nausea– Confusion– Blurred vision– Muscle tension– Dehydration

– Seizures– Violent shaking in the

muscles– Heart failure– Sleep disorders– Memory loss– Brain damage

GHB

Is a drug that is made from anesthetics. Common ingredient is in

pesticides

GHB effects

• Dizziness• Vomiting• Loss of memory• Trouble breathing• Inability to move• Loss of consciousness• Death

Ketamine• Is a powerful drug that is closely related to the

hallucinogen PCP (angel dust). This drug is most often used during surgery on people or animals.

• Gives you a sense of dissociation (separation from reality)

• Causes permanent memory loss and coma

Lesson 9

• Staying drug free

Reasons to stay drug free

• 1- Staying healthy• 2-Staying in

control• 3-Making good

decisions• 4-Staying out of

jail• 5-saving your

money

Refusing Drugs

• Avoid situation with people who have drugs• Just say “No thanks”• Give reasons for not taking the drugs• Just leave

Lesson 10

• Getting help

Knowing when to get help

• First you need to realize that there is a problem

Intervention

• A gathering in which the people who are close to a person who is abusing drugs try to get the person to accept help by relation stories of how his or her drug problem has affected them

Counseling

• A professional who is trained to offer advice and solutions for emotional problems by addressing the emotional problem behind the drug problem

Treatment Centers

• A facility with trained doctors and counselors where people who abuse drugs can get help for their problems

Detoxification

• Is the process by which the body rids itself of harmful chemicals

Support Groups

• A group of people who have undergone the same or very similar problems.

Many Paths to Wellness

Drug Problem

Intervention

Counseling

Treatment Centers

Support Group

Wellness

Chapter 16

Medicine and Illegal Drugs