Chapter 17

Part 3Pages 578-589

Terms to Know

• Dougalas MacArthur• Chester Nimitz• Battle of Midway• Kamikazi• Robert Oppenheimer• Hiroshima• Nagasaki• Nuremberg Trials

War in the Pacific

• Island Hopping• General MacArthur• Admiral Nimitz

• Pearl Harbor wiped our U.S. Pacific fleet• BUT submarines and aircraft carriers okay

Japan after Pearl Harbor

• First 6 months expanded its empire:• Most of China• British Hong Kong• French Indochina• Malaya• Burma• Thailand

More Japanese expansion

• In the Pacific

• Dutch East Indies• Guam• Wake Island• Solomon Islands

The Philippines

• MacArthur commanded 80,000 American and Filipino troops

• in March of 1942• MacArthur: I shall return

April 1942

• Colonel Doolittle• 16 bombers raided Tokyo and other Japanese

cities• Pearl Harbor style

May 1942 Battle of Coral Sea

• Americans and Australians stopped a Japanese drive to Australia

• The first time a Japanese invasion was stopped

• 5-day battle

Battle of Midway

• Southwest of Hawaii• Americans were ready because we broke the

Japanese code

• Admiral Nimitz commander of American troops in thje Pacific

• Japanese losses: 250 planes, 4 aircraft carriers

Midway was the turning point

• Code talkers: Navajo language• Could not be broken

• Had no written language

Code talkers video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rSvm3m8ZUA

The American Offensive

• Guadalcanal August 1942• 19,000 American troops• Called Island of Death

• Paved the way for MacArthur’s return to the Philippines (October 1944)

The Japanese kefensive

• Iwo Jima August 1942• Japanese fuel issues• Kamikaze Pilots…suicide pilots• Means “diving wind”

• 16 U.S. ships sunk, 80 damaged by 424 Kamikaze attacks in the Philippines

Iwo Jima

Iwo Jima

• Sulfur Island…Volcanic rock…smelly

• Was critical to launching attack on Japan• Was the most well-defended place on earth• 20,700 Japanese troops oin tunnels and caves

• Only 200 survived

OkanawaApril 1945

• 1900 Kamikaze attacks• More than 600 American lives lost• 110,000 Japanese lives lost

• 2 Japanese Generals committed Hari Kari rather than surrender

Clearly

• The Japanese would fight to the very end

• An attack on Japan would cost America dearly in terms of potential loss of life

Pacific Map

The Manhattan Project

• Oppenheimer…headed the project (science)

• General Groves in charge of security

• Over 600,000 Americans worked on the project (bombs or fuel) but very few knew what they were really working on

Cost 1 Billion dollars

• For three bombs and fuel

• One Plutonium and 2 Uraniam bombs

Trinity

• The test• July 16, 1945 in Alamogordo, NM

• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=youtube+video+trinity+bomb&FORM=VIRE5#view=detail&mid=B6D30E58B5AA8E396B38B6D30E58B5AA8E396B38

Trinity

• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Trinity+Test+Soldiers&Form=VQFRVP#view=detail&mid=49803D0E38BFE2E527DE49803D0E38BFE2E527DE

Truman’s Decision

• American generals had advised Truman that traditional fighting would cost an additional million American lives

• When he was told about the successful test of Trinity, he sent out the Potsdam Declaration

The Potsdam, Declaration

• Radio broadcasts• Leaflets

• Surrender immediately and have a fairly easy occupation or face prompt and utter destruction

• Japan thought it was a bluff

Hiroshima August 6, 1945

• Pilot: Tibbets and the Enola Gay

• 66,000 killed immediately• 69,000 days later from burns, radiation

poisoning

Japan still did not surrender

• Nagasaki August 9, 1945• Results similar to Hiroshima

• Formal surrender ceremonies on the Missouri September 2, 1946

Ma

Hiroshima

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yez_gesztE

Rebuilding

• The Yalta Conference The Big Three• Churchill, FDR, Stalin• Aka The Sellout at Yalta

• Agreed that Germany would be occupied• Agreed that Russia would occupy Eastern

Europe ..temporarily until free elections were held

Yalta

• Agreed to a United Nations• Agreed to an unconditional surrender• Agreed to a free Korea • Agreed to the Nuremberg Trials

• Tried to get Stalin to enter the war against Japan

The Nuremberg Trials

• 24 surviving Nazi leaders were tried for crimes against humanity

• 12 were executed, others imprisoned

• Later other trials (200+) • INDIVIDUALS WERE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR

THEIR OWN ACTIONS EVEN IN WAR

Japanese occupation

• MacArthur with occupational troops• Occupation lasted 7 years

• New Constitution• Democracy taught in schools• Economic recovery (electronics were big)• Women’s suffrage and more rights• The Emperor remained but not divine.