Anticipatory Set The most powerful political leader in the
United States in the President. This leader is elected by the
citizens of the United States. Can you predict what problems might
arise in the U.S. if it were a monarchy under the rile of a king?
Today we are going to learn how the ancient Romans rebelled against
the rule of a monarch and how their government changed as a
result
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Standards S.S. 6.7.1 Identify the location and describe the
rise of the Roman Republic, including the importance of such
mythical and historical figures as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus,
Cincinnatus, Julius Caesar, and Cicero. E-LA Reading 6.1.3
Recognize the origins and meanings of frequency used foreign words
in English and use these words accurately in speaking and
writing
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Objective Students will learn how the Roman Republic
developed
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Language of the Discipline Republic Consul Patrician Plebeian
Debt bondage Tribune
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From Monarchy to Oligarchy (Input) The first rulers or Rome
were kings According to tradition, Rome had 7 kings Some of these
rulers, like Romulus, were legendary Historians do not know if they
really existed, but there is some evidence that suggests that the
last 3 kings of Rome did exist These monarchs were known as the the
Etruscan kings
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The Etruscan Kings (Input) The Etruscan people lived north of
Latium in a region called Etruria They had an older and more
advanced culture than the Romans The Etruscans were great artists,
builders, and sailors They traveled to other lands around the
Mediterranean trading goods, ideas, and customs while also learning
many things form other cultures
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The Etruscan Kings (Input) They expanded into Latium and a
leader known as Tarquin the Eder gained power and became Romes king
The thrown was later passed down to two other Etruscan monarchs
Each monarch had broad powers Served as head of the army, chief
priest, and supreme judge Etruscan kings ruled with wealthy
aristocrats Aristocrats formed a body called the Senate The Senate
advised the king on important matters There was an assembly made of
citizens who could bear arms The king could consult the assembly at
any time but the assembly has no real power
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The Etruscan Kings (Input)
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Etruscan Improvements (Input) Etruscan kings brought many
changes to Rome like including a writing system adapted from the
Greek alphabet It became the basis for the Latin alphabet which we
still use today The kings brought a strong military tradition to
Rome Their military organization (based on the phalanx) would later
expand Rome They also improved the city by draining the low marshy
areas so people could live between the hills They created a system
to carry away wastewater
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Etruscan Improvements (Input) They laid out new streets in a
rectangular, or grid pattern They paved the streets with
cobblestone and introduced the use of the stone arch in
construction in order to support heavy structures such as bridges
The Etruscans also brought their gods and religious practices One
ritual called augury was used to predict the future Special priests
used methods to read the will of the gods One method involved the
flight patterns of birds and another to examine animal intestines
Augury remained an important part of Roman culture Etruscan
influence did not cause the Romans to abandon their own
culture
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Etruscan Improvements (Input)
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Formation of the Republic (Input) When the third Etruscan king,
Tarquin the Proud, came to rule, the Romans got tired of Etruscan
rule He was so harsh that it lead to a Roman revolt and the Romans
overthrew the king, establishing a Roman Republic A republic is a
government in which citizens have the right to vote and elect
officials The word republic comes from the Latin term res publica
which means public things or public affairs Even though citizens a
a role in civic life the Republic was not a democracy
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Formation of the Republic (Input) In the early Republic 2
officials called consuls took over the jobs the king used to do The
consuls stood as the highest officials in the Roman government
Their authority was limited, the aristocratic Senate has most of
the power They passed laws and ran the government Although the
assembly still existed, it was becoming controlled by
aristocrats
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The Struggle of the Orders (Input) Before the rise of the
Republic, Rome was divided into 2 main groups called orders One
order was the patricians who represented the upper class of Roman
society Patricians took great pride in belonging to noble families
with famous or influential ancestors The other order was the
plebeians, or the common people of Rome Plebeians were 90% of the
population Some were wealthy but most were ordinary farmers,
artisans, and workers Differences in the orders eventually led to
conflict known as the Struggle of the Orders
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Patricians and Plebeians (Input) Roman society and government
strongly favored the patricians Patricians ran the government
through their control of the Senate They were leaders of Romes
social and economic life The Plebeians had little power or
influence They could not hold political office or serve as priests
They could not advance politically by marrying a patrician.
Marriage between orders was prohibited
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Patricians and Plebeians (Input) They had little influence on
economic life Most worked as poor peasants farmers. In poor harvest
years they had to take out loans to survive If they could not pay
their debt they were sold into slavery The practice of enslaving
people who cannot pay their debts is known as debt bondage Debt
bondage became common and life for plebeians became worse
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The Plebeians Rebel (Input) The plebeians began to rebel
carrying out random acts of violence against patricians They
realized that the patricians did govern Rome, but could not do it
without the plebeian soldiers Plebeian soldiers went on strike and
while Rome was planning to expand their land, they realized they
needed to listen to the plebeians to gain their help The plebeians
demanded real power for the common people. Therefore, an assembly
known as the Tribal Assembly became part of Romes government The
top officials of the plebeian assembly were called tribunes They
had the power to block laws they saw as unfair
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The Twelve Tables (Input) 2 decades later the plebeians won
another major reform which concerned Romes legal system Roman law
consisted of ancient customs but none were written down This
allowed judges to choose which laws to follow and which to ignore
Plebeians demanded a written law code The first law code was known
as the Twelve Tables because it was written on 12 tablets The new
code listed rights and duties of Roman citizens, such as the right
to take anyone to court The Roman Republic still concentrated on
governing power from the patricians, but slowly was moving into a
democracy
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The Twelve Tables (Input)
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Check for Understanding Please determine the BEST answer for
the following question. Please write your answer on your white
boards and wait for the teachers signal. On the teachers signal,
hold up your white boards.
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Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank _______________
are the common people of Rome. Plebeians
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Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question.
The government of Rome began with________________. Etruscan
kings
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Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question.
What did the Twelve Tables do? Created the first written laws
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Guided Practice/Independent Practice Guided Practice Complete
questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Raise your
hand and wait to get stamped. If you received an R go to the back
table with Ms. Graham. Independent Practice Once you have been
stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5
on the reading comprehension worksheet. Homework Note-taking guide
on the reverse side.