HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Chapter 18 Chapter 18

AMERICANS IN AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II

Section 1:Section 1: Early Difficulties Early Difficulties

Section 2:Section 2: The Home Front The Home Front

Section 3:Section 3: Victory in Europe Victory in Europe

Section 4:Section 4: Victory in Asia Victory in Asia

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives: What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied

Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?Powers and Axis Powers in 1941? What steps did the United States take to prepare for war?What steps did the United States take to prepare for war? Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor?Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor? What were the early turning points of the war in the What were the early turning points of the war in the

Pacific?Pacific? What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in

1942?1942?

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Allied PowersAllied PowersProduction capacity of U.S. and manpower of Production capacity of U.S. and manpower of

Soviet Union were advantages.Soviet Union were advantages.Disadvantages included the enormous amount of Disadvantages included the enormous amount of

land in enemy hands, the multi-front aspect of the land in enemy hands, the multi-front aspect of the war, and the long fight that had to be faced.war, and the long fight that had to be faced.

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Axis PowersAxis PowersAxis was better prepared economically and had Axis was better prepared economically and had

been rearmed since the 1930s.been rearmed since the 1930s.Axis had firm control over invaded areas and Axis had firm control over invaded areas and

already had airfields, barracks, and military already had airfields, barracks, and military training centers.training centers.

Axis powers’ main difficulty was defending Axis powers’ main difficulty was defending multiple fronts.multiple fronts.

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

U.S. preparations for warU.S. preparations for warincreased productionincreased productionexpanded the governmentexpanded the governmentbegan to direct the economybegan to direct the economybegan to raise the armybegan to raise the army

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Japanese attacks after Pearl HarborJapanese attacks after Pearl HarborClark Airforce Base in the PhilippinesClark Airforce Base in the PhilippinesBurmaBurmaBorneoBorneothe Netherlands East Indiesthe Netherlands East IndiesWake IslandWake IslandHong KongHong Kong

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Early turning points of war in PacificEarly turning points of war in PacificBattle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral SeaBattle of MidwayBattle of MidwayGuadalcanalGuadalcanal

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Major battles of 1942 in Europe and Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North AfricaNorth AfricaBattle of El AlameinBattle of El AlameinBattle of StalingradBattle of Stalingrad

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:How did the U.S. government try to keep wartime How did the U.S. government try to keep wartime

morale high?morale high?What was life like in the United States during World What was life like in the United States during World

War II?War II?How did women contribute to the war effort?How did women contribute to the war effort?What actions did the government take to protect the What actions did the government take to protect the

rights of minority groups?rights of minority groups?How were Japanese Americans affected by the war?How were Japanese Americans affected by the war?

Section 2: The Home FrontSection 2: The Home Front

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Keeping wartime morale highKeeping wartime morale highOffice of War InformationOffice of War Informationradio programsradio programsmoviesmovies

Section 2: The Home FrontSection 2: The Home Front

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Life in the U.S. during WWIILife in the U.S. during WWIIlong work hours and many sacrificeslong work hours and many sacrificesrestrictionsrestrictionsblackoutsblackoutsair-raid drillsair-raid drillsvictory gardensvictory gardens

Section 2: The Home FrontSection 2: The Home Front

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Contributions of womenContributions of womenentered job market to replace soldiersentered job market to replace soldiersworked in plantsworked in plantsproduced war productsproduced war products

Section 2: The Home FrontSection 2: The Home Front

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Government actions to protect Government actions to protect minority rightsminority rightsFair Employment Practices CommitteeFair Employment Practices Committeeattempts to end discrimination in businesses with attempts to end discrimination in businesses with

federal contractsfederal contracts

Section 2: The Home FrontSection 2: The Home Front

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Effects on Japanese AmericansEffects on Japanese AmericansMany were relocated and interned.Many were relocated and interned.Interned people lost their property.Interned people lost their property.Hawaiian islands put under martial law because Hawaiian islands put under martial law because

Japanese population was too large to relocate.Japanese population was too large to relocate.Some Japanese received limited military service Some Japanese received limited military service

opportunities.opportunities.

Section 2: The Home FrontSection 2: The Home Front

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:Where did the Allied offensive in Europe begin?Where did the Allied offensive in Europe begin?How did fighting in the Atlantic and in the air How did fighting in the Atlantic and in the air

influence the land war in Europe?influence the land war in Europe?How did the Allies successfully carry out the How did the Allies successfully carry out the

Normandy invasion?Normandy invasion?What was the Holocaust?What was the Holocaust?How did the Allies finally defeat Germany?How did the Allies finally defeat Germany?

Section 3: Victory in EuropeSection 3: Victory in Europe

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Allied offensive in EuropeAllied offensive in EuropeThe Allied offensive in Europe began in Sicily The Allied offensive in Europe began in Sicily and Italy.and Italy.

Section 3: Victory in EuropeSection 3: Victory in Europe

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in the air on the land warthe air on the land warSea dominance allowed the Allies to protect cargo Sea dominance allowed the Allies to protect cargo

ships and bomb Axis vessels.ships and bomb Axis vessels.Strategic bombing from the air helped destroy Strategic bombing from the air helped destroy

German military factories and centers.German military factories and centers.

Section 3: Victory in EuropeSection 3: Victory in Europe

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The Normandy InvasionThe Normandy Invasioninvasion of German-occupied Franceinvasion of German-occupied Francedisinformation campaign to distract Germansdisinformation campaign to distract Germansdummy invasion used as a decoydummy invasion used as a decoyinitial storming of beach caused high casualtiesinitial storming of beach caused high casualtiesultimately successfulultimately successful

Section 3: Victory in EuropeSection 3: Victory in Europe

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The HolocaustThe HolocaustThe Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s slaughter of The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s slaughter of European Jews. The Germans took advantage of European Jews. The Germans took advantage of long-standing anti-Semitism and Allied inaction to long-standing anti-Semitism and Allied inaction to do it.do it.

Section 3: Victory in EuropeSection 3: Victory in Europe

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Final defeat of GermanyFinal defeat of GermanySeptember, 1944: Battle of the BulgeSeptember, 1944: Battle of the BulgeFebruary, 1945: Yalta ConferenceFebruary, 1945: Yalta Conferenceearly 1945: Allies bomb Germanyearly 1945: Allies bomb GermanyMarch, 1945: Allies invade GermanyMarch, 1945: Allies invade GermanyApril, 1945: Hitler commits suicideApril, 1945: Hitler commits suicideMay, 1945: Germany surrendersMay, 1945: Germany surrenders

Section 3: Victory in EuropeSection 3: Victory in Europe

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:How did the United States carry out its island-How did the United States carry out its island-

hopping plan?hopping plan?How did the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa How did the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa

affect the war?affect the war?What led the United States to use atomic weapons What led the United States to use atomic weapons

against Japan?against Japan?What were the human and economic costs of What were the human and economic costs of

World War II?World War II?

Section 4: Victory in AsiaSection 4: Victory in Asia

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Island-hoppingIsland-hoppingconquered strategically important islandsconquered strategically important islandscut off other islandscut off other islandssome islands chosen as launching pads for some islands chosen as launching pads for

invasion of Japaninvasion of Japan

Section 4: Victory in AsiaSection 4: Victory in Asia

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Iwo Jima and OkinawaIwo Jima and OkinawaThese two battles were incredibly difficult and These two battles were incredibly difficult and bloody, and though the U.S. won, the fighting bloody, and though the U.S. won, the fighting demonstrated that the Japanese would not surrender.demonstrated that the Japanese would not surrender.

Section 4: Victory in AsiaSection 4: Victory in Asia

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Reasons for use of the atomic bombReasons for use of the atomic bombenormous cost of an invasionenormous cost of an invasioncontinued Japanese resistancecontinued Japanese resistancedesire to demonstrate U.S. power to the Soviet Uniondesire to demonstrate U.S. power to the Soviet Union

Section 4: Victory in AsiaSection 4: Victory in Asia

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Costs of World War IICosts of World War IIkilled millions of people and wounded many morekilled millions of people and wounded many moreresulted in the Holocaustresulted in the Holocaustdestroyed economies of many nationsdestroyed economies of many nationsruined countless citiesruined countless citiesdestroyed national infrastructuresdestroyed national infrastructures

Section 4: Victory in AsiaSection 4: Victory in Asia