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Chapter 18 Endocrine System
Endocrine System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
• Hypothalamus• Pituitary glands• Gonads• Adrenal glands• Thyroid gland• Parathyroid gland• Pancreas
Hormone-Receptor Binding
Positive and Negative Feedback System
Negative Feedback• Gland X releases hormone X this stimulates target cells to
release hormone Y• When there is an excess of hormone Y gland X senses this and
inhibits it release of hormone X
Hypothalamus
Endocrine Glands: Adrenal Glands• Adrenal cortex—mineralocorticoids (aldosterone),
corticosteroids (cortisol)• Adrenal medulla—catecholamines (norepinephrine and
epinephrine)
Thyroid Gland • Control of metabolism• Calcium and phosphorus balance
Parathyroid Gland• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)• Calcium• Phosphorous
Pancreas
Assessment Methods• Patient history
• Nutrition history
• Family history
• Genetic risk
• Current health problems
Assessment Methods • Current health problems including any changes in:• Energy levels• Elimination• Sexual and reproductive functions• Physical appearance
Physical Assessment• Examine for:• Prominent forehead or jaw• Round or puffy face• Dull or flat expression• Exophthalmos• Vitiligo• Abdominal Striae• Hirsutism
PalpationOnly gland that can be palpated
Laboratory Tests• Stimulation/suppression tests
• Assays• Allows for many different hormones to be analyzed at the same
time
• Urine tests• 24 hour
• Tests for glucose• HbA1C
• Imaging assessment
• Other diagnostic assessment• Needle biopsy
Review Chapter 18 Study Guide