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TRANSPORT

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LECTURE

18.1:

MAMMALIAN

HEART AND

ITS REGULATION

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OBJECTIVES

At the end of this topic, students should be able to:

Explain cardiac cycle.

Explain the factors affecting heart beat.

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The sequence of events that makes up one heart beat

(about 0.8 seconds).

Cardiaccycle

Systole heart

muscle contract

Consists of : Diastole heart

muscle relaxed.

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0.15 SEC SYSTOLE DIASTOLE

0.30 SEC DIASTOLE SYSTOLE

0.40 SEC DIASTOLE DIASTOLE

Cardiac cycle

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Ventricular Systole

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Ventricular Systole

The pressure force open

semilunar valve of aorta and

pulmonary artery

High pressure forces the blood

into aorta and pulmonaryartery

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Ventricular Diastole

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13/35Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFig. 42.6

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Campbell 9th edition pg 952

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Recordingelectrical

changes(activity)

that occur during

cardiac cycle.

Electrocardiogram is

taken todetect the

abnormalities that

may confirm asuspected heart

attack.

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Factors affecting heart beat

The heart rate is the number of times that your heart

beats per minute.

For a healthy adult at normal resting, such as first thing

in the morning, the heart rate is between 60 to 100 beats

per minute

There are many factors affecting the heart beat,i. Body temperature

ii. Blood pH

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High temperatures can increase heart rates

When the temperature jumps to 75 from 60 0F, a

person's heart rate will increase by two to four

beats per minute. If the temperature rises from 75 to 90 0F, heart

rate will raise by about 10 beats per minute

Body temperature may increase during

Fever

exersice

Body Temperature

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Body Temperature increase

during exercise

The working muscles produce heat that raises thebody temperature.

This stimulates the brain to trigger the skin to

produce sweat.The blood vessels in the skin dilate to allow a

greater volume of blood to flow into the skin tofacilitate heat transfer to the sweat.

The heart rate increases to push more blood intothe skin where the heat will be lifted away throughsweat evaporation

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When we exercise the level of carbon dioxide in the

body increases while the level of oxygen decreases

Increase in CO2 level will decrease in blood pH (due to

the concentration of H+)Chemoreceptor (at aorta, and the carotid arteries in the

neck) signal the brain when CO2 levels are too high in the

blood.

The brain stimulates the heart rate to increase in order

to accelerate processes that remove excess CO2, including

blood filtering in the lungs and kidneys.

Blood pH

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cardiac cycle.mp4

Conclusion

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Human lymphatic system

Transport of lipids from small

intestine into the blood stream