Chapter 19 Chapter 19

Conserving ResourcesConserving Resources

I. ResourcesI. Resources

A.A.Natural ResourcesNatural Resources – parts of the – parts of the environment that are useful or environment that are useful or necessary for the survival of living necessary for the survival of living thingsthings

-ex. Food, water, air, metals, -ex. Food, water, air, metals, mineralsminerals

1. 1. Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources – any – any natural resource that is recycled or natural resource that is recycled or replaced constantly by naturereplaced constantly by nature

-ex. Sunlight, water, air, crops, -ex. Sunlight, water, air, crops, treestrees

a) Supply and Demanda) Supply and Demand

-Even though renewable -Even though renewable resources are recycled resources are recycled

or or replaced they are replaced they are sometimes in sometimes in short supply.short supply.

2. 2. Nonrenewable ResourcesNonrenewable Resources – – natural resources that are used up natural resources that are used up more quickly than they can be more quickly than they can be replaced by natural processes.replaced by natural processes.

a) a) PetroleumPetroleum – oil formed – oil formed mostly from mostly from the remains of the remains of microscopic marine microscopic marine organisms organisms buried in the Earth’s crustburied in the Earth’s crust

b) Minerals & metals are other b) Minerals & metals are other nonrenewable resources.nonrenewable resources.

Link to Head Jam: Crude Energy

B.B.Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels – fuels formed in – fuels formed in Earth’s crust over hundred of Earth’s crust over hundred of millions of years from the remains millions of years from the remains of organismsof organisms

-ex. Coal, petroleum, natural gas-ex. Coal, petroleum, natural gas

1. Fossil Fuel Conservation1. Fossil Fuel Conservationa) Because fossil fuels are a) Because fossil fuels are

nonrenewable nonrenewable resources Earth’s resources Earth’s supply of them is supply of them is limited.limited.

b) In the future, fossil fuels may b) In the future, fossil fuels may become become more difficult to maintain.more difficult to maintain.

c) The use of fossil fuels can lead c) The use of fossil fuels can lead to to environmental problems. (Strip environmental problems. (Strip Mining)Mining)

d) The burning of fossil fuels d) The burning of fossil fuels produces produces waste gases that cause waste gases that cause air pollution, air pollution, smog and acid rain.smog and acid rain.

2. How we can conserve fossil fuels2. How we can conserve fossil fuels

a) examples:a) examples:

b) The less fossil fuels we use b) The less fossil fuels we use the the more money we can save.more money we can save.

Link to House Hidden Picture

C.C. Alternatives to Fossil FuelsAlternatives to Fossil Fuels

-Electricity is generated when a -Electricity is generated when a rotating turbine turns a coil of wires rotating turbine turns a coil of wires in the magnetic field of an electric in the magnetic field of an electric generator. Fossil fuels are burned generator. Fossil fuels are burned to boil water to make steam, which to boil water to make steam, which turns the turbine.turns the turbine.

1. Water Power1. Water Power

a) a) Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power – – electricity electricity produced when the produced when the energy of falling energy of falling water is used to water is used to turn the turbine of a turn the turbine of a generator.generator.

--GoodGood: No pollution because no : No pollution because no fuel is fuel is burned.burned.

--BadBad: Many acres behind dam : Many acres behind dam are are flooded.flooded.

2. Wind Power2. Wind Power

a) Wind turns the blades of a a) Wind turns the blades of a turbine, turbine, which powers a generator.which powers a generator.

--GoodGood: No pollution because no : No pollution because no fuel is fuel is burned.burned.

--BadBad: Winds must be at least 32 : Winds must be at least 32 mph.mph.

3. 3. Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy – energy – energy released released when billions of atomic when billions of atomic nuclei from nuclei from uranium, a radioactive uranium, a radioactive element, are element, are split in a nuclear fission split in a nuclear fission reactor.reactor.

--GoodGood: No air pollution: No air pollution

--BadBad: Uranium is a : Uranium is a nonrenewable nonrenewable resource, mining it resource, mining it disrupts the disrupts the ecosystem, and ecosystem, and radioactive wastes can radioactive wastes can seriously seriously harm living organisms.harm living organisms.

Nuclear Reaction Illustration Nuclear Power Plant Illustration

4. 4. Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy – heat – heat energy contained in the Earth’s crustenergy contained in the Earth’s crust

-Good: No pollution-Good: No pollution

-Bad: It’s only available where -Bad: It’s only available where natural natural geysers or volcanoes are geysers or volcanoes are found.found.

5. 5. Solar EnergySolar Energy – the most – the most inexhaustible energy resource.inexhaustible energy resource.

--IndirectIndirect: Houses in northern : Houses in northern hemisphere should have windows of hemisphere should have windows of

house facing the south.house facing the south.

--DirectDirect: Solar cells (photovoltaic : Solar cells (photovoltaic cells) cells) turn sunlight into electric turn sunlight into electric currentcurrent

--GoodGood: No pollution: No pollution

--BadBad: Batteries are needed to : Batteries are needed to store store energy at night timeenergy at night timeSolar Energy Illustrations

II.II. PollutionPollution

A.A. Air Pollution Air Pollution

1. 1. PollutantPollutant – a substance that – a substance that contaminates the environmentcontaminates the environment

-ex. Soot, smoke, ash, carbon -ex. Soot, smoke, ash, carbon dioxide, dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, & oxides, & sulfur oxidessulfur oxides

2. 2. SmogSmog – form of air pollution when – form of air pollution when sunlight reacts with pollutants sunlight reacts with pollutants produced by burning produced by burning

B.B.Acid PrecipitationAcid Precipitation – mist, rain, – mist, rain, sleet, snow, or hail that has pH sleet, snow, or hail that has pH below 5.6below 5.6

1. Effects of Acid Rain1. Effects of Acid Rain

a) Kills trees and plants by a) Kills trees and plants by washing washing nutrients from soil.nutrients from soil.

b) Lower pH of ponds or lakes b) Lower pH of ponds or lakes which which kills algae & kills algae & microorganisms in water.microorganisms in water.

c) Erodes rocks and c) Erodes rocks and monuments.monuments.Acid Precipitation Illustration

2. Preventing Acid Rain2. Preventing Acid Rain

a) Use low-sulfur fuels like natural a) Use low-sulfur fuels like natural gas gas or low sulfur coal.or low sulfur coal.

b) Use smokestacks that remove b) Use smokestacks that remove sulfur.sulfur.

c) Reduce automobile use.c) Reduce automobile use.

d) Use electric or hybrid cars.d) Use electric or hybrid cars.

C.C. Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect – heat-trapping – heat-trapping feature of the atmospherefeature of the atmosphere

-The burning of fossil fuels has increased -The burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of COthe amount of CO22 in the atmosphere. in the atmosphere. This traps more heat, making Earth This traps more heat, making Earth warmer.warmer.

1. Global Warming1. Global Warming

a) Changing rainfall patterns.a) Changing rainfall patterns.

b) Increasing number of storms b) Increasing number of storms and and hurricanes.hurricanes.

c) Melting of polar ice caps.c) Melting of polar ice caps.

d) Allowing the spread of d) Allowing the spread of tropical tropical diseases.diseases.

D.D. Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion

-The ozone layer absorbs some of -The ozone layer absorbs some of the Sun’s harmful UV radiation.the Sun’s harmful UV radiation.

--ozone depletionozone depletion – the thinning of – the thinning of the ozone layerthe ozone layer

-CFCs react chemically with ozone -CFCs react chemically with ozone breaking it apartbreaking it apart

E.E. Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution

1. 1. Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide – poisonous – poisonous gas produced whenever charcoal, gas produced whenever charcoal, kerosene, natural gas, or other fuels kerosene, natural gas, or other fuels are burnedare burned

-colorless & odorless-colorless & odorless

2. 2. RadonRadon – naturally occurring, – naturally occurring, radioactive gas that is given off radioactive gas that is given off from some rock & soilfrom some rock & soil

-colorless & odorless-colorless & odorless

F.F. Water PollutionWater Pollution1. Air pollutants drift into water.1. Air pollutants drift into water.2. Wastewater from factories and 2. Wastewater from factories and sewage treatment plants is often sewage treatment plants is often released into waterways.released into waterways.3. People dump litter or waste 3. People dump litter or waste materials into rivers, lakes & streams.materials into rivers, lakes & streams.4. Oil & fluids from leaky cars are 4. Oil & fluids from leaky cars are washed away into waterways by the washed away into waterways by the rain.rain.5. Rain can wash agricultural pesticides 5. Rain can wash agricultural pesticides and fertilizers into waterways.and fertilizers into waterways.6. Algal blooms.6. Algal blooms.7. Dirt is washed into waterways after 7. Dirt is washed into waterways after rain.rain.

G.G. Soil LossSoil Loss

1. 1. ErosionErosion – the movement of soil – the movement of soil from one place to another.from one place to another.

H.H. Soil PollutionSoil Pollution

-Air pollutants drift to the ground.-Air pollutants drift to the ground.

-Water leaves pollutants behind as -Water leaves pollutants behind as it flows through the soil.it flows through the soil.

-Litter is tossed on the ground.-Litter is tossed on the ground.

-Trash is disposed in land fills.-Trash is disposed in land fills.

1. Solid Wastes1. Solid Wastes

a) Landfills are designed to seal out a) Landfills are designed to seal out air air and water and prevent pollutants and water and prevent pollutants from from seeping into surrounding soil, seeping into surrounding soil, but it but it slows normal decay processes.slows normal decay processes.

2. 2. Hazardous WastesHazardous Wastes – waste materials – waste materials that are harmful to human health or that are harmful to human health or poisonous to living organisms.poisonous to living organisms.

a) ex. Dangerous chemicals, a) ex. Dangerous chemicals, pesticides, oil & petroleum based solids, pesticides, oil & petroleum based solids, radioactive wastes from nuclear power radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants or hospitals, & certain household plants or hospitals, & certain household itemsitems

III. The Three Rs of III. The Three Rs of ConservationConservation

A.A. Reduce – use less of a natural Reduce – use less of a natural resourceresource

1. Ways we can reduce the amount 1. Ways we can reduce the amount of natural resources we use are:of natural resources we use are:

B.B. Reuse – use an item made from a Reuse – use an item made from a natural resource over againnatural resource over again

1. Ways we can reuse items made 1. Ways we can reuse items made from natural resources:from natural resources:

C.C. Recycle – form of reuse that requires Recycle – form of reuse that requires changing or reprocessing an item or changing or reprocessing an item or natural resourcenatural resource

1. Plastics1. Plastics

a) Plastics are more difficult to a) Plastics are more difficult to recycle recycle because there are so many because there are so many different types different types of plastic.of plastic.

2. Metals2. Metals

3. Glass3. Glass

4. Paper4. Paper

a) newspapers, notebook papers, a) newspapers, notebook papers, printer printer paper, cardboard, junk mailpaper, cardboard, junk mail

5. Compost5. Compost

6. Ways to Encourage Recycling6. Ways to Encourage Recycling

a) Recycle bins on trash daya) Recycle bins on trash day

b) Buy recycledb) Buy recycled

c) Money deposits on bottles/ c) Money deposits on bottles/ cans.cans.