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Majoritarian Politics
Majoritarian politics- policies in which almost everybody benefits and almost everybody pays Social Security and Medicare Biggest problem is cost Beneficiaries feel that benefits outweigh
costs Belief that the federal government have
an obligation to help the poor and elderly
Client Politics
Client politics- policies in which one small group benefits and almost everybody pays Medicaid and Food Stamps Means tested- applicants must fall below
a certain income level to qualify Biggest problem is legitimacy Can be killed by changing political
opinion Belief that able-bodied people on welfare
should be made to work for their benefits
Client Politics
Let Patrick help you remember!
Client politics draws money from everyone, but transfers it to a smaller group where it is most useful.
“Let’s take all the money, and push it somewhere else!”
Insurance Programs
Insurance programs- a self-financing government program based on contributions that provide benefits to unemployed or retired people Medicare
Assistance Programs
Assistance programs- a government program financed by general income taxes that provides benefits to poor citizens without requiring contribution from them Unemployment Insurance Temporary Insurance for Needy Families Medicaid Earned Income Tax Credit
Service Strategy vs. Income Strategy
Both are policies that assist people in getting out of poverty
Service strategy- provides people with education and job training
Income strategy- gives people money directly
Social Security Created in 1935 by the Social Security
Act Social security income- an
assistance program that provides people over 65 or who are disabled with supplemental income
Alternative Solutions to Social Security
Ball/Altman Social Security Plan Increase maximum taxable earning base Estate tax funding Trust fund portfolio
Libertarian Party- Ending Welfare State Proposal End entire welfare system
Raise the retirement age
Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare- a federal health insurance program that covers most senior citizens and people with disabilities
Medicaid- a federal system of health insurance for those requiring financial assistance
Historical Development
In the colonial period, towns would usually recognize an obligation to help people when efforts by family and friends were not sufficient. Almshouses, Workhouses, Asylums
as time passed aid gradually became distributed on a more organized basis.
Historical Development
Workers’ compensation was the first widespread form of social welfare. The result of a more industrialized
economy Adoption was still gradual and
pragmatic It took approximately 50 years for every
state in the union to assume one
Historical Development
Federal and state social welfare programs have bloomed and broadened
Still pragmatic Sweeping changes in welfare are
normally only accompanied by national events Great Depression/Social Security,
Major Social Welfare Legislation
The New Deal Federal Emergency Relief Act (1933) Emergency Conservation Work Act
(1933) Social Security Act (1935)
Great Society Amendments to Social Security Act
(1965)
Major Social Welfare Legislation
Modern Legislation Welfare Reform Act of 1996 Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
program (TANF) Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (2010)
The Current Administration
The democratic Obama Administration has taken stances that broaden the scope and magnitude of social welfare Healthcare Reform Employment Welfare Programs
The Bully Pulpit "Among our objectives I place the security of
the men, women and children of the nation first. This security for the individual and for the family concerns itself primarily with three factors. People want decent homes to live in; they want to locate them where they can engage in productive work, and they want some safeguard against misfortunes which cannot be wholly eliminated in this man-made world of ours.” -FDR (message to Congress July 1934)
The Bully Pulpit
“"The truth is, in order to get things like universal health care and a revamped education system, then someone is going to have to give up a piece of their pie so that someone else can have more.” Michelle Obama
Welfare and the Bureaucracy
The Department of Agriculture Supplies money for SNAP program
The Department of Health and Human Services Supplies money for Social Security
through the Social Security Administration
Supplies money for Medicare/Medicaid through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Interest Groups
Food Stamps Food Research and Action Committee CATO Institute
Social Security The Century Foundation AARP
Medicare/Medicaid AARP
Federal Court Cases Anderson v. Roe (1999)
Ruled void the provision of the Federal Welfare Reform Act passed in 1995 that authorized residency requirements
Zelman v. Simmons-Harriss (2002) Court ruled that vouched were constitutional
because they provide “true private choice” Marchwinski v. Howard (2002)
Court upheld that benefits could be taken away based on the results of a drug test