Chapter 2 Concepts of Technology

PowerPoint:By Mr. Ahrens

Peshtigo Middle/High School

Textbook:Introduction to Technology

By Pierce and Karwatka

Chapter 2 Concepts of Technology

Section 2A TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES• Seven technology resources• New ideas and inventions• Six simple machines

Section 2B TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS• Systems and subsystems• Open- and closed-loop systems• Systems play a part in technology

Section 2C DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OR PRODUCT• Development of products and systems• Criteria and constraints, optimization, and

maintenance and control• Tradeoffs• Positive and negative effects

Section 2ATechnology Resources

What resources do you need to create technology?

Seven Resources:•People •Information•Tools and Machines•Capital •Time•Materials•Energy

Why can’t we create technology without people?

People create technology People have imagination People have skills

•Skill is what you develop when you combine knowledge and practice in order to perform an activity well

Why can’t we create technology without people?

What skill is she developing?

Nontraditional Occupations for Women

How do we use information to create technology?

Information leads to knowledge and understanding

We use information, skill, and natural resources to meet our needs and wants

Why are tools and machines needed to develop technology? A tool is anything that increase

your ability to do work

•Primary tool – a basic tool that is hand held and muscle powered

Why are tools and machines needed to develop technology? A tool is anything that increase

your ability to do work•Machine – a tool with a power system that takes advantage of certain scientific laws that enable the tool to work better

Six Simple Machines

1. Wheel and Axle2. Pulley3. Lever4. Incline Plane5. Wedge6. ScrewCompound Machines

Six Simple Machines- Wheel and Axle -

A wheel and axle is a wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or

moves loads

Six Simple Machines- Pulley -

A pulley uses grooved wheels and a rope or cable to raise, lower or move

a load

Six Simple Machines - Lever –

A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or

moves loads

Six Simple Machines- Incline Plane -

An incline plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher

level

Six Simple Machines - Wedge -

A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge,

which can cut material apart

Six Simple Machines - Screw -

A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things

together or lifts materials

Six Simple Machines- Compound Machines -

•A compound machines consists of two or more simple machines put together

•Most machines are compound machines

•Compound machines can do more difficult jobs than simple machines alone

•Their mechanical advantage is far greater than the simple machines would be alone

Why do we need capital to develop technology?

Capital = money, credit, or property•With capital, people can acquire the other resources needed to create technology

How does time affect the development of all technology? Everything takes time, even if measured in

millionths of a second• People are paid for their time they work

The results of our efforts take shape over time

Why do we need materials to develop technology?

Technology developed because people learned how to use and process various materials•Raw Materials•Processed Materials•Manufactured Materials•Synthetic Materials

Why do we need materials to develop technology?

Raw MaterialsMaterials in their natural state

Why do we need materials to develop technology?

Processed MaterialsRaw materials that have been

changed into a more useful form

Why do we need materials to develop technology?

Manufactured MaterialsWhen natural resources are altered by processes that do

more than merely change their size or shape

Why do we need materials to develop technology?

Synthetic MaterialsCreated artificially, “man made”

Why must we use energy to create technology?

Energy is the source of power that runs all of our technological systems

Many different sources of energy•Natural or synthetic•Limited or unlimited

Section 2BTechnology Systems

What are systems and subsystems?

A system is made of parts that work together in an organized way to complete a task•The larger the system the harder it is to control

A subsystem is a smaller system that exists within the larger system

Why do people diagram their plans?

A way of communicating ideas Diagramming shows how one

part relates to other parts

What is an open-loop system?

It has no way of measuring or controlling its output/end product

INPUT

PROCESS OUTPUT

People, Information,

Tools/Machines, Materials, Energy,

Time, Capital

What is a closed-loop system?

Feedback measures and controls the output/end product of the system

INPUT

PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

People, Information,

Tools/Machines, Materials, Energy,

Time, Capital

COMPAREAND

ADJUST

Section 2CDeveloping a System or

Product

When you purchase a product, what are your primary

concerns? Would you be interested in

buying this product?•MUSTARD FLAVORED CANDY•Only $75.00 for a 1 oz. bag

When you purchase a product, what are your primary

concerns? Is it safe? Attractive? Useful? Reliable? Reasonably priced?

What are criteria and constraints?

Criteria are requirements or specifications•New World Trade Center has to

memorialize those who died, accommodate a wide range of users, fit into Manhattan’s skyline

Constraints are limits•Site of new World Trade Center is

16 acres

Why should price be only one of the many considerations when designing

a product? One goal is to create the best

system, product, or process•This is optimization•Make most of positive features•Reduce any negative features

Compromises are necessary to build the best product •These are Trade-offs

How do modern control systems help you maintain

performance? Systems require maintenance to

keep them working Many products have built in control

elements that keep watch over them and report any problems• Prompt maintenance then prevents

system failures Some products are not worth

maintaining• “throw-away society”

Should we develop a new technology if it could possibly have negative effects?

Unexpected effects of technology can be positive or negative•Internal combustion engine•Cellular phones•Video game systems•Plastic – water bottles

How does technology improve your life?

Invention is a new product•Something different

Innovation is a change made to an existing product•Something already used but better than before

Concepts of Technology – Review

• Seven technology resources• New ideas and inventions• Six simple machines• Systems and subsystems• Open- and closed-loop systems• Systems play a part in technology• Development of products and systems• Criteria and constraints, optimization, and

maintenance and control• Tradeoffs• Positive and negative effects

Return to Start