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Chapter 2Human Body Systems
Digestive System Respiratory System
Muscular SystemCirculatory System Skeletal System
• Similar CELLS make up TISSUE.• Tissue makes up ORGANS.• Similar organs make up ORGAN SYSTEMS.
Energy from Nutrients
• All parts of your body need energy and materials to function properly.
• The body takes in FOOD to get the energy and materials that it needs.
• The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM processes the food.
• FOOD contains the NUTRIENTS that the body needs.
• The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is one of the body’s major ORGAN SYSTEMS.–Its job is to break down food into nutrients that the body cells can use.•This process is called DIGESTION
Nutrients
CarbohydratesMAIN SOURCE OF
ENERGY
ProteinsUSED TO REPLACE,
REPAIR, and GROW new cells and tissue
Vitamins and Minerals
HELP NERVES WORK
FatsKEEP SKIN HEALTHYHelp the body use
vitamins and cushion body organs
The Path of Food• Digestion begins when food enters your
mouth– You start chewing. Your teeth grind the food
into smaller pieces. This allows the food to begin moving through the digestive system.
– Your tongue pushes the food around in your mouth and mixes it with saliva.• Saliva contains chemicals called enzymes.
These enzymes change the starch in bread into sugar
• Starches and sugars are CARBOHYDRATES.• Carbohydrates are one of the main nutrients
your body needs
When you swallow chewed food it moves into the ESOPHAGUS. – This is where food is pushed down
toward the STOMACH
The STOMACH is the organ that mixes and stores food and turns it into a soupy mix
• The stomach squeezes the food and mixes it with digestive juices that contain enzymes and an acid.– The acid breaks down the food
Completing Digestion• When the food leaves the stomach it enters
the SMALL INTESTINE– The small intestine is the long, coiled organ
where MOST digestion takes place– Food remains in the small intestine for 1-6
HOURS– This is where the digestion of fats and
carbohydrates are digested with the help of the pancreas and the liver.
– Protein is already digested
The nutrients pass through the small intestine into the BLOOD. Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to EVERY cell in the body
• Any undigested food enters the large intestine–The large intestine is the organ where water and minerals from food are removed and absorbed into the blood.–Food stays in the large intestine from 12-36 hours–The material that is left over passes out of the body as solid waste
Lesson 2 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Artery-Capillary-Circulatory system-Heart-Respiratory system-Vein-
Respiratory System
• Organs that work together to take air into the body and push it back out make up the ________________
• When you inhale you take air into your _______ or _________.
• The air moves to the _____________ , which connects the throat to the lungs– Air sacs are where oxygen is transferred to the
____________– At the same time, carbon dioxide waste from cells
is transferred from your blood to the air sacs
• When you exhale, your body gets rid of _____________.
• The __________ is the dome-shaped muscle that helps you breathe
Circulatory System
• The job of the __________________________ is to transport oxygen, nutrients, water, and wastes.
• The _________________ is a muscular pump that pushes the blood
*Blood Flow Chart taped into copybook*
• Artery blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart
• Capillary tiny blood vessel that CONNECTS arteries and veins (passes oxygen to the veins)
• Veins carries blood back to the heart (has little oxygen left)
• Veins enter the heart and go to the lungs to pick up more oxygen
The Heart
The inside of your heart is divided into four spaces called CHAMBERS
Two upper chambers receive blood from veins:1. right atrium2. left atrium
Two lower chambers pump blood into the arteries1. right ventricle2. left ventricle
The Skeletal System
• Gives the body shape and support• Protects the organs inside the body• Works with the muscles to move the
body
• Bones come together at JOINTS• Flexible material called CARTILAGE
cushions most bones where they meet
• LIGAMENTS connect bone to cartilage and hold the joint together