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CHAPTER 2
Input & Output
Prepared by: Mrs .sara salih
1
What Is an Information System ?
System: Collection of elements and procedures that
interact to accomplish a goal.
Football game, transit systems, etc.
Information system :
A collection of elements that interact
to generate the information needed
in an organization
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Input Devices
1 -Keyboard2 -Pointing Devices
3 -Mouse4 -Electronic pen
5-Touch screen6-Scanners
7-Digital cameras
3
Keyboards
Keyboard: An input device containing keys, arranged in a typewriter configuration, used to input letters, numbers, and other symbols
*Can be wired or wireless
Contains: -Standard alphanumeric keys
-Numeric keypad -Function keys
-Directional keys and special keys4
Keyboards
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Keyboards
*Keyboards are increasingly including alternate input tools:
-Touch pads -Some also include built-in display screens
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Pointing Devices
#Pointing device: An input device that moves an onscreen pointer
(arrow or insertion point) to allow the user to select objects on the screen.Common types of pointing devices:
-Mouse -Electronic pen
-Touch screen
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The Mouse
Mouse: A pointing device the user slides along a flat surface to move a pointer around the screen and clicks its buttons to make selections
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The Electronic Pen #Electronic pen:
Device used to select objects, as well as to draw or write electronically on the screenAlso called tablet pen, digital pen.
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Touch Screens
#Touch screen :Display device that is touched with the finger to issue commands or otherwise generate input to the connected PCUsed with:
Desktop and portable PCsMobile phones
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Touch Screens
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Scanners
#Scanner (optical scanner): Input device that reads printed text and graphics and transfers them to a computer in digital form
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Digital Cameras
#Digital cameras: Record images on digital storage medium rather than film
-Can either be still cameras or video cameras -Typically use flash memory for storage
Types: -Digital still cameras
-Digital video cameras
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Digital Cameras
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Audio Input
Audio input: The process of entering audio data into the computer
-Voice -Music (from CDs)
Voice input systems (speech recognition systems)
-Enable a computer to recognize the human voice
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Voice Input Systems
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Output Devices
• Display devices ( screen).• Flat-Panel Display Technologies.• Data and Multimedia Projectors.• Printers.• Audio output ( headphones , speakers,)
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Output Devices (cont ..)
*Display device: Presents output visually
-Monitor: Display device for a desktop PC
-Display screen: Screen built into a variety of devices
-handheld PCs,
- Mobile phones and mobile devices
- E-paper
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Display Devices
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Flat-Panel Display Technologies
#Liquid crystal displays (LCDs): Use charged liquid crystals between sheets of
glass or plastic #LED (Light emitting diode): Used in displays as
well as a variety of consumer products #Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays:
Use emissive organic material to display brighter and sharper images
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Flat-Panel Display Technologies
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Data and Multimedia Projectors
Data projector: Display device that projects all computer output to a wall or projection screen
-Most data projectors today can project video, in addition to computer output
-Can be wireless or integrated into devices
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Printers
Printers: Produce hard copyPrinter Characteristics:
-Color vs. black and white -Personal vs. network printers
-Print resolution -Print speed
-Multifunction capabilities
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Printers
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Types of printers
-Laser Printers -Ink-Jet Printers
-Special-Purpose Printers
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Audio Output
Audio output: Output in the form of voice or music
-Speakers -Headphones and headsets
-Earphones
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The Operating System
Operating system: A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system
Examples:
Most PCs today run Windows, Mac OS, or Linux , Windows Vista ,Windows 7
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Functions of an Operating System
*Interfacing with users (typically via a GUI)
*Booting the computer
*Managing resources and jobs
*File management
*Security
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Differences Among Operating Systems
*Command line vs. graphical user interface (GUI)
-Most operating systems use GUI today
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Differences Among Operating Systems
Personal vs. server operating system
Personal operating system: designed to be installed on a
single PC
Server operating system: designed to be installed on
a network server
o Client PCs still use a personal operating system
o Server operating system controls access to network resources
Many operating systems come in both versions
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Utility Programs
*Utility program :
Type of software that performs a specific task,
usually related to managing or maintaining the
computer system
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Summary
Definitions of System & Information systems.
Types of Input devices
Types of Output devices
Operating Systems
Utility Programs