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Chapter 2 Living Things
What do you know about living things?
Design a spider diagram to show what you know about living things!
Chapter Objectives
• To define Biology
• To discuss what living things are made from
• To define the word organism and give examples
• To state the characteristics of living things
• To discuss each characteristic of living things in detail
• To investigate the variety of living things • To classify plants and animals and examine
some plants and animals.• To introduce the terms vertebrate and
invertebrate and look at examples• To discuss uses of plants and animals• To define the term Animal Key and Plant Key• To design and use a simple plant and animal
key• To carry out and write up an experiment to
investigate the variety of living things
• Biology is the study of living things e.g. plants, animals, fungi, bacteria
• An organism is another name for a living thing.
• Living things are made of cells
Chapter 2: Living Things
• Living things have the following seven characteristics:
– nutrition – movement
– respiration – response/sensitivity.
– excretion
– growth
– reproduction
MRS NERG
Classifying Living Things
Living things can be classified as either animals or plants
Animal Plant
Movement Can move from place to place Do not move from place to place but can move their parts very slowly.
Food Eat food made by other plants and animals
Plants make their own food using photosynthesis
Characteristics of Living Things1. Nutrition
Nutrition is the way in which living things get and use their food.
Plants make their own
food (photosynthesis)
Animals get their food from eating plants or other animals.
Characteristics of Living Things2. Respiration
Respiration is the way living things get energy.
Organisms need energy for growth, movement and activities.
Word Equation for Respiration
Food + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water
Characteristics of Living Things3. Excretion
Excretion is the getting rid of the wastes that are made in cells.
Animals excrete water, salts, carbon dioxide
4. Growth
All living things grow.
Living things grow because their cells are able to divide and make new copies of themselves.
5. Reproduction
Reproduction is being able to produce new individuals of the same kind.
6. Movement
All living things can move.
7. Response/sensitivity
All living things need to be aware of changes in their surroundings and react to these changes.
Response is the ability to react changes in the environment.
Classifying Animals and Plants
• There are two main groups of organisms
a)Plants
b)Animals
Uses of Plants
1.Food
2.Shelter
• Animals can be divided into two groups:• A) Vertebrates – animals with a back bone
e.g. humans, frogs, fish, lizards, birds
b) Invertebrates – animals that have no
backbone e.g. earthworm, insects, spiders,
snails, jellyfish, crabs.
• Uses of Animals
1.Food
2.Provide materials to
make things e.g. wool and leather
• Animals and plants are identified by using keys.
• Keys ask questions about the parts of plants and animals to allow us to identify them.
• The main differences between animals and plants are:– Animals move from place to place but plants
do not.– Animals take in food but plants make their
own food.– Animal cells do not have a cell wall but plant
cells do have a cell wall.
Simple Plant Key
Simple Animal Key
Summary of Chapter