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Chapter 3 Matter and Change

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Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

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Matter Mass = a measure of the amount of

matter the object contains (don’t confuse this with weight, a measure of gravity) Remember mass is measured in grams

Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object….remember

volume is a derived unit….. v = l x w x h

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Properties are… Words that describe matter (adjectives)

– Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the material’s composition. »Examples- color, hardness, m.p., b.p.

– Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material. »Examples- ability to burn, decompose,

ferment, react with, etc.

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Describing Matter Physical properties used to describe matter

can be classified as:

1) Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in the sample

- Mass, volume, calories are examples

2) Intensive – depends on the type of matter, not the amount present

- Hardness, Density, Boiling Point

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Identify the list below as either a Physical or Chemical Property

Red hair dye A ring turns your

finger green A hammer left outside

in the rain will rust Sam weighs 130 lbs Basketballs are

spheres Peroxide bubbles when

it comes in contact with an infection

• The density of water is 1 g/mL

• The air freshener smells like pears

• Paper burns • Tin has a silver color • Water boils at 1000C • Candle wax melts • Gun powder lights up

the sky in firecrackers

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States of matter are Physical Properties

3 common states of matter:

1) Solid- matter that can not flow (definite shape) and has definite volume.

2) Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows).

3) Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow.

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Vapor…..not the same as a gas

Vapor is a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

Which is correct: “water gas”, or “water vapor”?

Water

vapor

Carbon

dioxide

gas

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Three Main Phases

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4th state: Plasma - formed at

high temperatures; ionized phase

of matter as found in the sun