Chapter 2

Models of SettlementEnglish Colonial Societies, 1590–1710

What was the English attitude toward Indians?

CHAPTER TWO: MODELS OF SETTLEMENT: ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETIES, 1590-1710

CHAPTER TWO: MODELS OF SETTLEMENT: ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETIES, 1590-1710

I. The Chesapeake Colonies

II. New England

III. The Caribbean Colonies

IV. The Restoration Era and the Proprietary Colonies

V. The Crises of the Late Seventeenth Century

VI. The Whig Ideal and the Emergence of Political Stability

The Chesapeake Colonies

A. The Founding of Jamestown

B. Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

C. Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

D. Life in the Chesapeake: Tobacco and Society

The Founding of Jamestown

Why did Jamestown turn out to be such a poor choice for a permanent settlement?

How do you account for the early failures of Jamestown and its eventual successes?

What was the “starving time?

What role did women play in Indian diplomacy?

What were some of the most important reforms implemented in 1618 by Edwin Sandys?

Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

Headright System - An incentive system to encourage additional immigrants by giving 50 acres to any man who would pay their own fare to Virginia and 50 additional acres for each person brought with him

What role did women play in Indian diplomacy?

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What was a proprietor?

Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

Proprietor - This English legal title carried with it enormous political power, giving its possessor almost king-like authority over his domains. Colonial proprietors carried similar powers.

Life in the Chesapeake:Tobacco and Society

How did the unbalanced sex ratio of the Chesapeake impact gender roles in this colonial region?

New England

I. Plymouth Plantation

II. A Godly Commonwealth

III. Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy

IV. Expansion and Conflict

New England

Separatism - Strain of English Protestantism Separatists argued for complete separation from the established Church of England.

Why were English reformer called Puritans?

Plymouth Plantation

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What does Jan Steen’s painting tell us about the world English Separatists encountered in Holland?

The Godly Commonwealth

Why did John Winthrop describe New England as “a city upon a hill?”

How did settlement patterns in New England compare with the Chesapeake?

A Godly Commonwealth

Why was the term Puritan an apt characterization of the Calvinists within the English church seeking further reformation?

What drove the Pilgrims to leave Holland, a country noted for both its prosperity and its tolerance?

Challenges to Puritan OrthodoxyWhat do New England’s laws reveal about its

culture?

What differences can you assign to the visions of liberty espoused by orthodox Puritans such as John Winthrop and dissenters such as Roger Williams?

Why was Ann Hutchinson such a threat to the Puritan elite?

Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy

Quakers - The Society of Friends, who believed each individual possessed a divine spark of grace, an inner light that could lead them to salvation

Expansion and Conflict

What explains the dramatically different pattern of settlement in the Chesapeake and New England? What forces and ideas shaped the spatial organization of each region?

The Caribbean Colonies

I. Power is Sweet

II. Barbados: The Emergence of a Slave Society

Power is Sweet

Why did the English sugar islands turn to slavery as their primary labor source? How did early Carolina function as a colony of a colony?

What was the main source of wealth in the Caribbean islands?

Barbados: The Emergence of a Slave Society

Why did Barbados turn to slavery as its primary source of labor?

The Restoration Era and the Propriety Colonies

I. The English Conquest of the Dutch Colony of New Netherland

II. A Peaceable Kingdom: Quakers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania

III. The Carolinas

What was the Restoration?

The Restoration Era and the Propriety Colonies

Restoration - In 1660 Charles II became king of England, restoring the monarchy to power after the Civil War and Cromwellian rule.

The Restoration Era and the Propriety Colonies

The English Conquest of the Dutch Colony of New Netherland

A Peaceable Kingdom: Quakers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania

How did Pennsylvania embody Quaker ideals?

How did William Penn’s Quaker faith shape his vision of Pennsylvania?

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What were the most important differences between Maryland’s and Pennsylvania’s policy of toleration?

The Carolinas

In what ways was Carolina a colony of a colony?

The Crises of the Late Seventeenth Century

I. War and Rebellion

II. The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

III. The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria 

War and Rebellion

What were the main causes of Bacon’s Rebellion?

What economic and demographic forces contributed to the emergence of slavery in the Chesapeake region?

What role did conflicts with Native Americans play in the crisis of the latter part of the seventeenth century?

Bacon’s Rebellion - A popular uprising in Virginia in 1676 named after its leader, Nathaniel Bacon.

War and Rebellion

What was the Glorious Revolution?

The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

Glorious Revolution - The relatively bloodless revolution that led to the ascension of William and Mary, which was widely seen as a vindication for English liberty.

The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria

What role did spectral evidence play in the Salem witchcraft trials?

What role did gender play in the dynamics of the Salem witch trials?

The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria

What role did spectral evidence play in the Salem witchcraft trials?

What role did gender play in the dynamics of the Salem witch trials?

Why did New Englanders believe that the Devil made his minions sign a book or contract?

The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria

What does the map of Salem witchcraft accusations tell us about this event?

The Whig Ideal and the Emergence of Political Stability

I. The Whig Vision of Politics

II. Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

The Whig Vision of Politics

What ideas and values were most closely associated with Whig politics?

What were the most important features of the Whig idea?

The Whig Vision of Politics

Whigs - The group that supported parliamentary power after the Glorious Revolution.

Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

What was the theory of mercantilism?

Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

Mercantilism - Theory of empire that advocated strict regulation of trade between colonies and the mother country to benefit the latter.