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© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2: Population
The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
BELLWORK: September 19, 2013STUDENTS WILL ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON THE NEXT 5 SLIDES:
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Population Density: What is the spatial distribution of people in South Asia and China compared to global
population rates?
Population density and ClimateWhat is the relationship?
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Critical Issues in Population Geography
• More people are alive today than at any other time in human history
• The world’s population increased at a faster rate during the second half of the twentieth century than ever before.
• Virtually all population growth today occurs in less developed countries (LDCs)
Ecumenes: A portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
• What climates do people avoid?
-cold areas (polar regions)-high areas (Mts, except for
the Andes and some areas of Africa)
- arid areas too dry for farming (deserts)
-wet areas (rainforests, flooded basins)
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Where Is the World’s Population Distributed?
• Population concentrations– Two-thirds of the world’s population are in
four regions:• East Asia• South Asia• Europe• Southeast Asia
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Population Distribution
Figure 2-2
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Where Is the World’s Population Distributed?
• Population density: # of people occupying land can be computed in several ways– Arithmetic density: total number of people
divided by total land area– Physiological density: total number of
people divided by arable land area– Agricultural density: total number of
farmers divided by arable land area
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Measures of Density
Table 2-1
Bellwork Sept. 20- A Population Density map of South Asia: By which water or physical features do people
cluster? What cultural aspects influence these crowded ecumenes?
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Where Has the World’s Population Increased?
• Natural increase rate– The percentage by which a population grows in a
year
• Crude birth rate (CBR)– The number of births per 1,000 population
• Crude death rate (CDR)– The number of deaths per 1,000 population
• Doubling time– The number of years needed to double a population
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World Population Growth
Figure 2-8
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Where Has the World’s Population Increased?
• Fertility– Total fertility rate (TFR): the average # of
children a woman will have during childbearing years; 2.6 for the world
• Mortality– Infant mortality rate (IMR): # of infant
deaths under 1 year compared with total live births
– Life expectancy: average number of years one can expect to live
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• Notice that places with high TFRs tend to have high IMRs and that places with low TFRs have low IMRs.
Figure 2-13
Figure 2-14
Compare an MDC (Japan) to an LDC (Zimbabwe)The shape of a pyramid is determined by its crude birth rate
Compare the following demographic factors:LDC
• Crude Birth Rate = high• Crude Death Rate = low• Infant Mortality Rate = high• Literacy Rate = low• School Enrollment = low• Total Fertility Rate =high• Total % of pop under 15 =high• Life Expectancy = low• Natural Increase Rate = high• GNI Gross National Income =
low
MDC• Crude Birth Rate = low• Crude Death Rate =low• Infant Mortality Rate = low• Literacy Rate = high• School Enrollment = high• Total Fertility Rate = low• Total % of pop under 15 = low• Life Expectancy = high• Natural Increase Rate = low• GNI Gross National Income =
high
Crude Birth Rate
BELLWORK SEPT. 23-WHY IS WORLD POPULATION IMPORTATNT TO ANALYZE?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&feature=player_embedded
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Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates?
• Demographic transition– Four stages
• Stage 1: Low growth– Agricultural revolution
• Stage 2: High growth– Industrial Revolution
• Stage 3: Moderate growth• Stage 4: Low growth
– Zero population growth (ZPG)
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Demographic Transition
Figure 2-15
Do a comparison of demographic factors between countries at www.prb.org
http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
ACTIVITY: Students will Draw DMT in their Interactive Notebooks.
World Population Clock Bellwork 9/24- What does Population Growth Measure? http://www.peterrussell.com/Odds/WorldClock.php
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Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates?
• Population pyramids– A bar graph showing a place’s age and sex
composition– Shape of the pyramid is determined mainly by the
CBR– Age distribution
• Dependency ratio: number of people too young or too old to work (0-14, 65+)
– Sex distribution• Sex ratio: number of males per hundred females
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Population Pyramids
Figure 2-19
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POPULATION PYRAMIDS: Power of the Pyramids Activity
Bellwork 9/25: Analysis of fact sheets from www.census.gov
www.census.gov
Factfinder: thematic and reference maps for demographics
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Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates?
• Countries are in different stages of the demographic transition– Three examples:
• Cape Verde = High growth– Stage 2 since the 1950s
• Chile = Moderate growth– Stage 3 since the 1960s
• Denmark = Low growth– Stage 4 since the 1970s
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Cape Verde: Stage 2
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Chile: Stage 3
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Denmark: Stage 4
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Japan’s Population Decline
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Sept. 26: “One Billion and Counting” computer activityHW – finish “One Billion and Counting” at home to turn in on Monday, 9/30
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Sept. 27th: Watch “Population Paradox”-http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CDJcKvukZRA
Get new NYT due 10/10
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bellwork: Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates?
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
•Most countries = stage 2 or stage 3 of the Demographic Transition•Stages 2 and 3 are characterized by significant population growth•No country is in stage 1 of the demographic transition
Thus, It is easier to cause a drop in the CDR than in the CBR
ISSUES:
Overpopulation: A place does not have the carrying capacity(available resources) for its’
populationPhysiological density: # of people per unit area of arable land
Agricultural density: ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
Carrying capacity changes over time and land degradation.
Pre-industrial South Asia 2002 South Asia
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Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern?
• Malthus on overpopulation– An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798): Population
grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically– Criticism of Malthus includes the following:
• Fixed resources rather than expanding (possiblism?)• Esther Boserup, Julian Simon & Simon Kuznets argue:• More brains = more ideas• More ppl = > demand for goods = more jobs• Friedrich Engels: enough food to eliminate world hunger• Workers don’t control distribution nor get paid sufficient
wages to purchase it
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Malthus: Theory & Reality
Figure 2-25
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Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern?
• Declining birth rates– Reasons for declining birth rates
• Reliance on economic development• Distribution of contraceptives
– Reducing birth rates with contraception
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Family Planning
Figure 2-30
Population Growth Policies to curb overpopulation
Kenya http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/campaigns.html
China
Government programs in India to curb the fertility rate
• -Sterilization Programs- unpopular due to Gandhi’s program
• -Sex-selection tests: outlawed but still in existence• -Outlawing the Bride Price/Dowry which made it
a burden on a family to have a girl• -Population Growth posters to encourage small
families or to choose girls instead of boys
•
BELLWORK: 10/1
• Students will watch Hans Rosling Video, and answer the following question:1. What are the factors for analyzing MDCs vs.
LDCS?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern?
• World health threats The epidemiologic transition Epidemiological transition: distinctive
causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiological: branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern?
• World health threats– The epidemiologic
transition• Stage 2: Receding
pandemics– Cholera and
Dr. John Snow
Figure 2-31
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern?
• World health threats– The epidemiologic transition
• Stage 3: Degenerative diseases– Most significant: Heart disease and cancer
• Stage 4: Delayed degenerative diseases– Medical advances prolong life
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern?
• World health threats– The epidemiologic transition
• A possible stage 5: Reemergence of infectious diseases?
– Three reasons why it might be happening:» Evolution» Poverty» Improved travel
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The Most Lethal Infectious Disease: AIDS
Figure 2-33
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
OCTOBER 2, 20131.Students will draw ETM2.Practice FRQ
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© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
The End.
Up next: MigrationFigure 3-1