1. Technology in Action AlanEvans KendallMartin MaryAnnePoatsy
TenthEdition Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2. Technology in Action Chapter 2 Looking at Computers
Understanding the Parts Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall
3. Chapter Topics Understanding Your Computer Input Devices and
Output Devices Processing, Memory, and Storage Ports and Power
Controls Setting It All Up Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 2
4. Understanding Your Computer Computers are Data Processing
Devices Performs four major functions Input: Gathers data, allows
users to enter data Process: Manipulates, calculates, or organizes
data into information Output: Displays data and information for
user Storage: Saves data and information for later use Copyright
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3
5. Understanding Your Computer Computers are Data Processing
Devices (cont.) Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or idea
Information: Data that has been organized or presented in a
meaningful fashion Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 4
6. Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of
Computers The language of computers Bit Binary digit 0 or 1 Byte 8
bits Each letter, number, or character is a unique combination of 8
bits of 0s and 1s Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing
as Prentice Hall 5
7. Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of
Computers (cont.) Name Abbreviation Number of Bytes Byte B 1 byte
Kilobyte KB 1,024 bytes (210) Megabyte MB 1,048,576 bytes (220
bytes) Gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824 bytes (230 bytes) Terabyte TB
1,099,511,627,776 bytes (240 bytes) Petabyte PB
1,125,899,906,842,62 bytes (250 bytes) Exabyte EB
1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes (260 bytes) Zettabyte ZB
1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes (270 bytes) Copyright 2014
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8. Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of
Computers (cont.) Computer uses combination of hardware and
software to process data into information Hardware is any part of
the computer you can physically touch Software is set of computer
programs Application software System software Operating system (OS)
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9. Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Two basic
designs of computers Portable Laptop computers Netbooks Tablet PCs
Tablet computer Ultrabooks Stationary Desktop computers Separate
case plus peripheral devices All-in-one computers Copyright 2014
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10. Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers (cont.)
Mainframe Supports many users simultaneously Supercomputer Performs
complex calculations extremely rapidly Embedded Self-contained
computer devices performing dedicated functions Smartphone
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11. Input Devices Devices used to enter data and instructions
into the computer Most common input devices: Keyboards to enter
typed data and commands Mouse to enter responses and commands Other
input devices: Microphone to input sounds Scanner to input
nondigital text Digital camera to input digital images Stylus to
tap commands or draw on screen Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10
12. Input Devices Keyboards QWERTY layout is standard on most
PCs Netbook and laptop keys are more compact and have fewer keys
Wireless keyboards work via radio frequencies Alternative keyboards
Flexible keyboards Virtual laser keyboard Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11
13. Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices Optical mouse
Internal sensor or laser detects movement Moves pointer on the
screen Wireless mouse Optical and trackball Data sent by radio
frequency (RF) or Bluetooth technology Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12
14. Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices (cont.) Touch
pads and trackpoint devices Take place of mouse on laptops
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15. Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices (cont.) Game
controllers send data to computer Joysticks Game pads Steering
wheels Most game controllers are wireless to provide extra mobility
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16. Input Devices Touch Screens Display screen that responds to
commands by touch with finger or stylus Becoming popular on many
computing devices Smartphones Tablet PCs Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15
17. Input Devices Image Input Digital cameras, camcorders, cell
phones Capture pictures and video Scanners Create digital image
Webcams Capture and transmit live video Used for videoconferences
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18. Input Devices Sound Input A microphone (mic) captures sound
waves and transfer them to digital format Sound input allows Video
conferencing Audio conferencing Chatting with friends or family
over the Internet instead of using a phone Recording podcasts
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19. Input Devices Sound Input (cont.) Close talk microphones
Omnidirectional Unidirectional Clip-on microphones Copyright 2014
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20. Output Devices Enable you to send processed data out of the
computer in the form of text, pictures, sounds, or video Monitors
Printers Speakers and earphones Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19
21. Output Devices Monitors Liquid crystal display (LCD) Flat
panel Light and energy efficient Light-emitting diode (LED) More
energy efficient than LCD monitors Better color accuracy and
thinner panels Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) Use organic
compounds that produce light Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 20
22. Output Devices Monitors (cont.) How LCD Monitors work
Screens are grids made up of millions of tiny dots called pixels
Each pixel is composed of red, blue, and green subpixels (and
sometimes yellow) Two or more sheets of material are filled with
liquid crystal solution Crystals block or let light shine through
to cause images to form on the screen Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21
23. Output Devices Monitors (cont.) Choosing an LCD Monitor
Aspect ratio width to height proportion Resolution number of pixels
displayed on screen Contrast ratio difference in light intensity
between brightest white and darkest black Viewing angle distance in
degrees from which you can move to the side of (or above or below)
a monitor Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 22
24. Output Devices Monitors (cont.) Choosing an LCD Monitor
(cont.) Brightness greatest amount of light showing when the
monitor is displaying pure white Response time time it takes for a
pixel to change color Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 23
25. Output Devices Monitors (cont.) The bigger the monitor, the
more you can display 27-inch monitor 2560 1440 pixels 21.5-inch
monitor 1680 1050 pixels Blu-ray movies Require at least 1920 1080
pixels Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 24
26. Output Devices Printers Inkjet printers Spray tiny drops of
ink onto page Laser printers Use laser beams and static electricity
to deliver toner to page Nonimpact printers have replaced impact
printers almost entirely Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 25
27. Output Devices Printers (cont.) Inkjet Affordable
High-quality color printouts Quick and quiet Laser Faster printing
speed Higher quality printouts More expensive Copyright 2014
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26
28. Output Devices Printers (cont.) Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 Wireless printer No
wires Several people can print to same printer from different
places Two types WiFi and Bluetooth Range of up to approx. 300 feet
WiFi sends data more quickly Allows you to print from portable
devices
29. Output Devices Printers (cont.) Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28 All-in-one printer
Functions as printer, scanner, copier, and fax Plotter Used to
print oversize images Thermal printer Emerging as popular
technology for mobile and portable printing
30. Output Devices Printers (cont.) Selecting a Printer Decide
your primary printing need first Speed (pages per minute)
Resolution (dots per inch) Color output Cost of consumables
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31. Sound Output Speaker is output device for sound Inexpensive
speakers come with computers Surround-sound speakers Wireless
speaker systems Headphones or earbuds avoid distracting others
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32. CPU ROM, RAM, and cache Slots for expansion cards Network
interface card (NIC) Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 31 Processing and Memory on the
Motherboard Motherboard: Main circuit board containing central
electronic components of the computer
33. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Memory RAM Random
access memory Stores instructions and data Series of several memory
cards or modules Temporary (volatile) storage ROM Read-only memory
Stores startup instructions Permanent (nonvolatile) storage
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34. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing Central
Processing Unit Also called CPU or processor Referred to as the
brains of the computer Controls all functions performed by the
computers other components Processes all commands and instructions
Can perform billions of tasks per second Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33
35. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing (cont.)
CPU Performance Measures Processor speed measured in hertz (Hz)
Megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) Number of cores Single Dual Quad
Eight Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall 34
36. Storing Data and Information Hard Drives Primary device for
permanent storage Holds stored programs and data Internal hard
drive Inside the system Holds all permanently stored programs and
data Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
Hall 35
37. Storing Data and Information Hard Drives (cont.) External
hard drive Resides outside the system Connects via USB or FireWire
port Solid-State Drive (SSD) No moving parts Runs with no noise
Emits little heat Requires little power Less likely to fail
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38. Storing Data and Information Hard Drives (cont.) Internal
drive bays Reserved for internal hard drives External drive bays
House CD or DVD drives Notebook expansion attaches external drive
via USB port Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 37
39. Storing Data and Information Flash Storage External hard
drives Large portable storage needs Small and lightweight Attach to
computer via USB port Care must be taken when transporting
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40. Storing Data and Information Flash Storage (cont.) Use
solid-state flash memory No moving parts Significant storage
capacity Plug into USB ports Appears as another disk drive
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
39 Flash drive (jump drive, USB drive, thumb drive)
41. Storing Data and Information Flash Memory (cont.) Copyright
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40 Flash
memory card Convenience means of portable storage Uses solid-state
flash memory Allows you to transfer digital data between computer
and devices
42. Storing Data and Information Optical Storage Compact discs
(CDs) Initially used to store audio files Digital video discs
(DVDs) Store more data than CDs Blu-ray discs (BDs) Copyright 2014
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41
43. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer A port is a place
through which a peripheral device attaches to computer Many ports
are located on the back of the computer Some commonly used ports
are placed on the front and sides for easier access Copyright 2014
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42
44. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer High-Speed and Data
Transfer Ports Universal serial bus (USB) is the most common port
type used to connect input and output devices to a computer USB 2.0
port is current standard Transfer data at 480 megabits per second
New USB 3.0 standard provides transfer speeds that are 10 times
faster Should quickly become the port of choice Copyright 2014
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43
45. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer High-Speed and Data
Transfer Ports (cont.) FireWire 400 Moves data at 400 Mbps FireWire
800 Doubles rate to 800 Mbps FireWire 3200 Has been ratified Yet to
reach market Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 44
46. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Connectivity and
Multimedia Ports Connectivity port can give access to networks and
the Internet Ethernet port Modem port Audio ports Connect
headphones, microphones, speakers Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45
47. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Connectivity and
Multimedia Ports Video ports Connect monitors and multimedia
devices Video graphics array (VGA) - port to connect older LCD
monitors Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 46
48. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Connectivity and
Multimedia Ports (cont.) Digital video interface (DVI): Ports used
to connect newer LCD monitors and other multimedia devices
High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) Digital connector for
use in HD home theater environments Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47
49. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Adding Ports:
Expansion Cards and Hubs Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 48 Expansion cards New port standards
Expansion hubs Enable several devices to be connected to a
port
50. Power Controls Power supply transforms wall voltage to
voltages required by computer chips Cold boot: Powering on your
computer from a completely turned-off state Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 49
51. Power Controls (cont.) Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50 Sleep Mode Main method of power
management in Windows 8 Documents, applications, data remain in RAM
Hibernate Similar to Sleep All data is stored on hard drive
Computer is powered off Warm boot Restarting the system while its
powered on
52. Setting It All Up Ergonomics refers to how you set up your
computer to minimize risk of injury, discomfort, or eyestrain
Guidelines to follow Position monitor correctly Use adjustable
chair Assume proper position while typing Take breaks from computer
Ensure that lighting is adequate Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 51
53. Setting It All Up (cont.) Mobile computing devices present
challenges to injury prevention Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52
54. Setting It All Up (cont.) Devices for People with
Disabilities Voice recognition Keyboards with larger keys Keyboards
that display on touch screens Specialized input consoles Keyboards
designed for one hand Special trackballs Head-mounted pointing
devices Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 53
55. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 1. What exactly is a computer,
and what are its four main functions? Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 54
56. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 2. What is the difference
between data and information? Copyright 2014 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 55
57. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 3. What are bits and bytes, and
how are they measured? Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 56
58. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 4. What devices can I use to
get data into the computer? Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 57
59. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 5. What devices can I use to
get information out of the computer? Copyright 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 58
60. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 6. Whats on the motherboard?
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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61. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 7. Where are information and
programs stored? Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing
as Prentice Hall 60
62. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 8. How are devices connected to
the computer? Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall 61
63. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 9. Whats the best way to turn
my computer on and off and when should it be done? Copyright 2014
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 62
64. Chapter 2 Summary Questions 10. How do I set up my computer
to avoid strain and injury? Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall 63
65. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall