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Chapter 2: Strategic Problem SolvingChapter 2: Strategic Problem Solving

To compare the difference between:

Routine, &

Non-routine problem.

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Routine Problem:Routine Problem:Routine problems are those that merely

involved an arithmetic operation with thecharacteristics:

Presents a uestion to be answered

Gives the facts or numbers to use,

Can be solved by direct application of

previously learned algorithms and thebasic task is to identify the operation

appropriate for solving problem.

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Routine Problem:Routine Problem: Example problems:

What is the area of a 100m x 1000m carlot?

. .

How much will the employee makes in 40

hours?

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NonNon--Routine Problem:Routine Problem: It occurs when an individual is confronted

with an unusual problem situation, and isnot aware of a standard procedure forsolving it.

e n v ua as to create a proce ure.To do so, he or she must become familiarwith the problem situation, collect

appropriate information, identify anefficient strategy, and use the strategy tosolve the problem.

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NonNon--Routine Problem:Routine Problem:Non-routine problems are those that call

for the use of processes far more thanthose of routine problems with the

characteristics:

Use of strategies involving some non-algorithmic approaches,

Can be solved in many distinct waysrequiring different thinking processes.

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NonNon--Routine Problem:Routine Problem: The non-routine problem is a kind of

unique problem solving which requiresthe application of skills, concept orprinciple which have been learned and

. It is also meant that whenever we are

facing an unusual problem or situation

which we dont know the procedures tosolve it, we are facing the non-routineproblem.

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NonNon--Routine Problem:Routine Problem:Example of a non-routine problem:

Approximately how many hairs are thereon your head?

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Routine & NonRoutine & Non--Routine ProblemRoutine Problem

Solving:Solving:

Non-routine problem solving serves a

different purpose than routine problemsolving.

While routine roblem solvin concerns

solving problems that are useful for dailylife (in the present / in the future), non-

routine problem solving concerns that

only indirectly.

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Routine & NonRoutine & Non--Routine ProblemRoutine Problem

Solving:Solving: Non-routine problem solving is mostly

concerned with developing studentsmathematical reasoning power andfostering the understanding that

(usaha / ikhtiar).

Non-routine problem solving can be seen

as evoking an I tried this and I tried that,and eureka, I finally figured it out.reaction.

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Routine & NonRoutine & Non--Routine ProblemRoutine Problem

Solving:Solving: That involves a search for heuristics

(strategies seeking to discover). There is no convenient model / solution

path that is readily available to apply to

so v ng a pro em. That is in sharp contrast to routine

problem solving where there are readily

identifiable models (the meanings of thearithmetic operations and the associatedtemplates) to apply to problem situations.

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BM VersionBM Version

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MasalahMasalah RutinRutin:: Masalah2 yg melibatkan hanya satu operasi

aritmetik sahaja dalam penyelesaiannya

dikategorikan sbg masalah rutin.

Masalah2 rutin hanya memerlukan pelajar

,

serta mempraktikkan algoritma2 yg telah

dipelajari.

Prosedur penyelesainya diketahui oleh pelajar Masalah rutin adalah masalah yg diketahui jalan

penyelesaiannya dgn satu strategi mudah.

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MasalahMasalah RutinRutin::Apabila menyelesaikan masalah-masalah

rutin, pelajar perlu mengenalpasti: Apakah soalannya yg perlu digunakan,

2 2 ,

Operasi-operasi matematik yg sesuai

digunakan,

Anggaran nilai penyelesaian.

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MasalahMasalah bukanbukan RutinRutin:: Sudah tentu masalah-masalah bukan rutin

memerlukan proses-proses yg lebih tinggidrp yg terlibat dlm penyelesaian masalah2

rutin.

Kejayaan dlm penyelesaian masalah2 bukanrutin bergantung kpd kebolehan pelajar

menggunakan pelbagai strategi

penyelesaian masalah bersama dgn fakta2

& maklumat dlm pertimbangan.

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MasalahMasalah bukanbukan RutinRutin:: Prosedur menyelesaikannya adalah tidak

diketahui pelajar. Masalah2 bukan rutin biasanya diselesaikan

d n elba ai cara memerlukan roses

pemikiran yg berbeza2.

Nyata sekali pelajar dikehendaki

menggunakan kemahiran secara kritis dankreatif dlm penyelesaianya masalah bukan

rutin.

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RujukanRujukan:: Modul OUM,

http://rujuknota.blogspot.com/2009/06/non-routine-problems.html

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