Chapter 2, Section 2Standards 4a.Students know the relative amount of incoming solar energy compared with

Earth’s internal energy and the energy used by society.7a.Students know the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle.7b.Students know the global carbon cycle.7c. Students know the movement of matter among reservoirs is driven by Earth’s internal and external sources of energy.

Objective 1 Compare an open system to a closed system.

Objective 2 List the characteristics of Earth’s 4 major spheres.

Objective 3 Identify the 2 main sources of energy in the Earth system.

Objective 4 Identify the 4 processes in which matter and energy cycle on Earth.

Assessment End of Section QuestionsDaily Quizzes, Chapter Test

Review Daily Bellwork, Science Starters, Standards Practice

Key Terms

Create a flash card for the following key terms (p. 31 in textbook):SystemAtmosphereHydrosphereGeosphereBiosphere

If you finish early, study your flash cards!

The Earth System

• A SYSTEM is an organized group of related objects that interact. • Systems can be very small or very

large.• Energy and Matter can move into

and out of systems.• There are 2 types of systems:

CLOSED and OPEN.

Closed vs. Open Systems

Energy can move in and out.

Matter cannot move in and out.

Ex: a Jar with a closed lid, a closed car.

ClosedEnergy can move in and out.

Matter can move in and out.

Ex.: An open jar, a lake, water boiling in a pot.

Open

Closed or Open??

• Demonstration…is it a closed or open system?• Open can of soda________• Crockpot with lid on _________• Aquarium _______• Helium balloon that is tied_______• Ocean ______• Human Body______• The Earth ________

Interactive!

• You will design a bookmark!• One side will be illustrated and labeled to

show a CLOSED system.• One side will be illustrated and labeled to

show and OPEN system.• When complete, tape onto the left hand page

in your notebook. (only tape the top edge, so I can flip it up and see both sides).

Earth’s 4 Spheres

Atmosphere

Geosphere Biosphere

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

• A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet.• The Earth’s atmosphere provides the

air we breathe and protects us from harmful radiation.• 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other

gases.

Hydrosphere

• The portion of the Earth that is water.• 71% of the Earth’s surface is water.• 97% of the water is salt water.• 3% is freshwater lakes, rivers,

glaciers, underground.

Geosphere

• The mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth. • From the center core to the surface

of the crust.

Biosphere

• The part of the Earth where life exists• Includes all living organisms on Earth

Can you identify the 4 spheres?

Quick Check!!

1. Name 2 of Earth’s 4 spheres: __________________________________________________________________________

2. Which sphere is solid and rocky? _____________________________________

3. The _________ is composed of 78% ________.

Interactive!

• Complete this graphic organizer:Biosphere Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere

Fill in 1 fact per box.

Snowball Toss!

Earth’s Energy

• Earth gets its Energy from internal and external sources.

• Internal Energy:– The Earth was originally heated from radioactive decay

and gravitational contraction.– Convection currents are also a sources of internal

energy. This drives plate motion.– Geysers are another example of Internal Energy– Underground reservoirs of steam and hot water=

geothermal energy.

Earth’s Energy

• Earth gets its Energy from internal and external sources.

• External Energy:– Most important source of Energy= SUN. Sun provides

more energy (internal or external) than all other sources of energy.

– Solar Energy is free and drives the water cycle, weather patterns, and more.

Cycles in the Earth’s System

Nitrogen Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle Water Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

• Nitrogen is an important element on Earth because organisms use it to build proteins which are used to build cells.

• Although our atmosphere is made of mostly nitrogen, it is unusable by organisms in this form. It must first be “fixed”.

• Certain kinds of bacteria in the soil and plant roots ‘fix’ the Nitrogen.

Brain Pop Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen in the air

Nitrogen in the soil

Nitrogen to plants

and animals

Nitrogen is released as a gas

by the decomposition of

proteins in the soil.

Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted to

ammonia by bacteria called ‘Nitrogen

Fixation’

Interactive!

• As a group, write a song/rap to the tune of Row, Row, Row your boat about the Nitrogen Cycle.

Nitrogen Cycle Video

Assessment: Nitrogen Cycle

• Using the diagram on page 36 in your text as a guide, draw and label the Nitrogen Cycle. You must be able to explain the cycle verbally as well.

Carbon Cycle

• Carbon moves through all 4 of Earth’s spheres in a process called the Carbon Cycle.

• There are short term cycles and Long-term carbon cycles.

• In the atmosphere Carbon is found as CO2.

• Carbon in Ocean Reservoirs is mainly dissolved Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.

Short-term Carbon Cycle Plants convert

Carbon Dioxide into carbs

Organisms eat the plants

Organisms’ bodies break down the

carbs and release some of the

carbon back into the air as CO2.

Organisms also release carbon through waste

and decay of their remains.

Carbon is stored for different lengths of time at each step, also called

RESERVOIRS.

Interactive!

• Quickwrite: Describe the Carbon Cycle in your own words.

Carbon Cycle Brain Pop

Carbon is released into

the atmosphere through:

Respiration, Decay of

animals/plants, and

combustion

Most of Earth’s Carbon is found in the LITHOSPHERE.

Carbon Cycle Video Clip

Carbon Cycle Assessment

• Using the diagram in your text on page 37, draw and label the Carbon Cycle. You must be able to verbally explain it as well.

Phosphorous Cycle

• Phosphorous, also used in building cells, travels through all the spheres of Earth’s systems except for the atmosphere.

Phosphorous CyclePhosphorous enters the soil

and water when rocks break down

Some organisms

excrete phosphorous

in waste.

Plants absorb the

phosphorousAnimals eat the plants

Phosphorous returns to soil when animal

dies and decays

Interactive!

• Quick Draw…sketch the Carbon cycle!

Water Cycle

• The water cycle is the continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and back again.

Brain Pop Water Cycle

Water CycleWater falls to the Earth as precipitation

Precipitation fills lakes,

rivers, oceans, and is absorbed/con

sumed by plants and

animalsWater

evaporates from the Earth’s

surface and goes back to

the atmosphere

Water vapor cools and condenses

back to precipitation

Quick Check!

1. Name 2 of the cycles: __________________________________________________________________________

2. Conversion of Nitrogen gas to ammonia by bacteria is called _____________________.

3. The __________ is where most of the Carbon on earth is found.

4. The _______ is the primary external source of energy and drives all the cycles.

The Water Cycle, Video Clip

Water Cycle Skits

Assessment: the Water Cycle Using the diagram in your text book, draw and

label the water cycle. You must be able to verbally explain it as well.

Daily Quiz