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Chapter 2: Socialization Perspectives on Socialization Agents of Child Socialization Processes of...

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Chapter 2: Socialization Perspectives on Socialization Agents of Child Socialization Processes of Socialization Outcomes of Socialization Adult Socialization
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Page 1: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Chapter 2: Socialization

Perspectives on Socialization Agents of Child Socialization Processes of Socialization Outcomes of Socialization Adult Socialization

Page 2: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

What is Socialization?

Process:Learning a cultureBecoming effective member

of societyBeing “human”

Page 3: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

What do we learn?

SkillsKnowledgeValuesMotivesRoles

3

Page 4: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

9/4 Consequences of Socialization

1. Establishes self-concepts

2. Creates capacity for role taking

3. Creates tendency for people to act in socially acceptable ways

4. Makes people bearers of culture

Page 5: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

“Every man is in certain respects:

Like all other men- Like some other men-Like no other man.”

Clyde Kluckholm: Anthropologist

Page 6: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Perspectives on Socialization

The Developmental Perspective Dependent on Physical &

Psychological Development

Examples: “Potty Training” Walking Speaking Feeding self

Page 7: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

The Social Learning Perspective

Cognitive & behavioral skills Language Shared meanings Imitation Acquiring behavior Performing behavior

Page 8: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

9/6 Social Learning Perspective

Children see, children do http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_s9pG5CWXM&featu

re=related

Learning by observation: 4 processes Attention Retention Production Motivation

Page 9: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Social Learning Perspective Bobo doll experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHHdovKHDNU

Reciprocal determinism between:Cognitive abilitiesPerson’s behaviorEnvironment

“The world and people’s behavior cause each other.” Bandura

Page 10: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

The Interpretive Perspective: Symbolic Interaction Theory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52ATteMIXzI&feature=related

He’s Just Not that Into You

Cognitive Processes Thinking Reasoning

Social interaction

Societal meanings

Interpretive reproduction (routines)

Development of self

Page 11: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Sequence of roles

Age-linked roles

Predictable transition times

Certain persons or organizations

responsible

The Impact of Social Structure

Page 12: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Socialization as Social Control

Page 13: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

13

Components of Socialization

• Socialization has four necessary components:1. An agent – someone serves as source

for what is being learned2. A learning process3. A target – person being socialized4. An outcome - something that is being

learned

Page 14: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Agents of Childhood Socialization

Four of the Agents:

1. Family 2. Peers 3. School4. Mass media

Page 15: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Processes of Socialization

1) Instrumental Conditioning Big Bang Theory videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-63ysqT5nu0&feature=related

Shaping

Punishment

Extrinsically motivatedDepends on others

Page 16: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Shaping Punishment

Page 17: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Extrinsic Motivation

Page 18: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

18

Punishment

Definition: The presentation of painful or discomforting stimulus that decreases probability that a behavior will occur.

Widely used in the United States. Our culture is tolerant of or encourages its use.

Major child rearing practice used by parents.

Research—Punishment is effective in some circumstances but not in others.

Page 19: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Instrumental Conditioning

Intrinsically motivated

Self-reinforcement

Internalizing standards-judging

Self-efficacy

Page 20: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Intrinsic motivation Self-reinforcement

Page 21: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Internalizing Standards-judging Self-efficacy

Page 22: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Processes of Socialization 2) Observational Learning (Modeling)

Observe another person’s behavior & its consequences Efficient

Characteristics of the model High-StatusNurturing

Page 23: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Processes of Socialization

3) Internalization Externally imposed behavioral

standards Become internal

Self-control

Page 24: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Outcomes of Socialization

Gender Roles

Linguistic & Cognitive Competence

Moral Development Work Orientations

Page 25: Chapter 2: Socialization  Perspectives on Socialization  Agents of Child Socialization  Processes of Socialization  Outcomes of Socialization  Adult.

Adult Socialization

Role Acquisition

Anticipatory Socialization

Role Discontinuity


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