Chapter 2 The American Colonies

Emerge

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Daily Question(s)• List reasons why colonizing the New

World was so attractive to European nations.

• How were the Spaniards able to conquer the Native American people?

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Building a Spanish Empire

• Conquistadors – men eager for personal glory and material gain

• Searched Central and South America for silver and gold

• Spread the word of God

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Hernan Cortes Arrives in Mexico

• A Spanish expedition consisting of 11 ships set sail westward in hopes of expanding the Empire.

• Used his personal wealth to finance the trip

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Hernan Cortes Arrives in Mexico

• 1519 Cortes’ armada arrived at Veracruz

• Montezuma (Aztec Leader) sent envoys to greet the Spaniards

• The Spaniard fired shots to intimidate the greeting party

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Hernan Cortes Arrives in Mexico

Reports went back to Montezuma, saying: "The noise weakened one, dizzied one. Something like a stone came out of their weapons in a shower of fire and sparks. The smoke was foul; it had a sickening, fetid smell."

Another message characterized the visitors as people with "very light skin, much lighter than ours. They all have long beards, and their hair comes only to their ears"

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Hernan Cortes Arrives in Mexico

• The envoys also described the visitors, who traveled on horseback, as beasts with "two heads and six legs“

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Cortes Subdues the Aztec

• Aztec leader, Montezuma thought Cortes was a god, gave Cortes a portion of the Aztec gold

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Cortes Subdues the Aztec

• Possessed technological advantage and defeated the Aztec

• Cortes's victory in Mexico transformed Spain into the richest nation in world in the 1500s.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Exploring Florida

• 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon

• Searching for the legendary fountain of youth

• 1521 died due to injuries suffered when fighting Native Americans

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

• Hernando De Soto– In 1539, de Soto’s

conquistadors crossed present-day Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas.

– St. Augustine – 1st permanent European settlement in the New World.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Exploring Florida

Exploring Florida

• Spanish abandoned exploration in 1562, disease, starvation, and natives

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Seven Cities of Cibola

• 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado searched for riches in present day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas

• found nothing in two years

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

New Mexico

• Juan de Oñate– established the

colony of New Mexico, with Santa Fe as the capital (after 1607)

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

• Desire of the Spanish monarchy to spread the word of God

• Priests were to teach natives “trades and skills with which they might live richly”

• Priests learned native languages and baptized natives

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Encomienda

• Encomienda• a system in which

Spanish authorities granted colonial landlords the service of Native Americans as forced laborers.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Encomienda

• Natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords, who had received the rights to their labor from Spanish authorities.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

• Castas - racial hierarchy

Spaniards

Mestizo

Indians

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Resistance to the Spanish

• The Catholic missionaries who settled north of Mexico not only tried to Christianize the peoples they encountered but also attempted to impose Spanish culture on them.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Conflict in New Mexico

• Spanish priests suppressed many of their ceremonial dances and rituals.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Conflict in New Mexico

• During the 1670s, priests and soldiers around Santa Fe began forcing Native Americans to help support the missions by paying an offering of either goods or services.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Pueblo Revolt• One unfortunate

Native American who felt the sting of a Spanish whip was the Pueblo religious leader, Pope’.

• The priest punished Pope’ for his worship practices, which they interpreted as witchcraft.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Pueblo Revolt

• In 1680, he led a well-organized uprising against the Spanish that involved some 17,000 warriors from villages all over New Mexico.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Taos Pueblo

Pueblo Revolt

• Destroyed Catholic churches, executed priests, and drove the Spaniards back into New Spain.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Pueblo Revolt

• For the next 14 years- the southwest region of the future United States once again belonged to the original inhabitants.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas

In – Class/HW

Spanish Explorers in North America Map

Turn to page 36• Complete as much as possible from the map – you will

need to use other resources to finish the map/questions

Spain’s Empire in the Americas