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Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or...

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Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy
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Page 1: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy

Page 2: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives:Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives:

TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position.

TSWBAT use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, regions, surfaces and body planes

TSWBAT locate the major body cavities, and list the chief organs in each cavity.

Page 3: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Superficial AnatomySuperficial AnatomyInvolves locating structures on or near

the body surfaceUnderstanding anatomical landmarks,

anatomical regions, and terms for anatomical directions will help you remember both the location of a structure and its name.

For example; the brachium refers to the the arm and the brachialis muscle and the brachial artery are located in the arm.

Page 4: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Why have anatomical Why have anatomical terminology?terminology?

To prevent misunderstandings, anatomists use universally accepted terms to identify body structures precisely and with a minimum of words

* It is important to remember that the terms “left” and “right” refer to those sides of the person being viewed – not those of the observer.

Page 5: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position1. Body erect2. Feet slightly apart3. Palms facing forward 4. Thumbs point away from

body5. Similar to “standing at

attention”

Supine – person laying down in anatomical position face up

Prone – face downFigure 1.7a

Page 6: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Table 1.1

Page 7: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Table 1.1

Page 8: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Check Point

Create 4 examples using the directional terms.

1. Share/Check with a partner. 2. Be prepared to discuss your

examples.

Page 9: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Regional Terms: Anterior Regional Terms: Anterior ViewView

Figure 1.7a

Page 10: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Regional Terms: Posterior Regional Terms: Posterior ViewView

Figure 1.7b

Page 11: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

HEADS UP

Page 12: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Preparation for PictionaryPreparation for PictionaryPlace the board, envelope, and discard

bowl in a central location so all players have access to them

Each team should have a playing piece, white board, markers, and paper towels

Place playing pieces in the start square on the board

Each team selects a picturist, one who will sketch clues for the first word

Each team rolls the die; highest roll selects the first card

The first word sketched is an ALL PLAY

Page 13: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

THE PLAYTHE PLAYThe starting picturist selects a word card from the deckThe picturist has 5 secondsThe timer is then turned and the picturist begins

sketching clues for the teamThe picturist may not use verbal or physical

communication to teammates during the roundSketches may not include letters or numbersSketching and guessing continues until the word is

identified or until time is up If a guess is correct, the team continues to play by

rolling the die, advancing the number of squares, selecting a new card and new picturist

If a word is not identified within the time limit, play continues to the left (pull a new card, do not roll)

Page 14: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

THE PLAY continuedTHE PLAY continuedAll PlayThe card is shown to the picturist of each teamThe word is sketched simultaneously by

picturists to their respective teamsThe first team to identify the word earns

control of the die, rolls the die, and continues with a turn

If no team identifies the word, play continues to the left

To WinThe first team to land on the Finish square and

guess the word correctly wins the game

Page 15: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body SectionsBody SectionsSagittal – divides the body into right and left parts

Midsagittal or median- sagittal plane that lies on the midline

Page 16: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body SectionsBody SectionsFrontal/Coronal Section – Lengthwise plane that divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior

Page 17: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body SectionsBody Sections

Transverse/Cross Section – Cut along a horizontal plane dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts.

Page 18: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body PlanesBody Planes

Figure 1.8

Page 19: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.
Page 20: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

◦Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the brain

◦Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord

The Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions:

Page 21: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body CavitiesBody CavitiesVentral cavity houses the internal organs and is divided into two subdivisions:

1. Thoracic

2. Abdominopelvic

Page 22: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

The Thoracic cavity is subdivided into :

Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs

Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart

Pleural cavities – each houses a lung

Page 23: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Two subdivisions:

◦ Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs

◦ Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm

Page 24: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Dorsal Body Cavity1. Cranial Cavity – Brain 2. Vertebral Cavity – Spinal cord & nerve origins

Ventral Body Cavity1. Thoracic Cavity – Chest cavity

A. Pleural Cavity – LungsB. Pericardial Cavity – HeartC. Mediastinum

2. Abdominopelvic CavityA. Abdominal – stomach, spleen, gallbladder,

liver, pancreas, small & large intestinesB. Pelvic – bladder, portions of large intestines,

sex organs

Page 25: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Ventral Body Cavity Ventral Body Cavity MembranesMembranes

Parietal serosa lines internal body walls

Visceral serosa covers the internal organs

Serous fluid separates the serosae

Page 26: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Ventral Body Cavity Ventral Body Cavity MembranesMembranes

Figure 1.10a

Page 27: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Other Body CavitiesOther Body Cavities

1. Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs

2. Nasal - located within and posterior to the nose

3. Orbital – house the eyes

4. Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations

5. Synovial – joint cavities

Page 28: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Other Body CavitiesOther Body Cavities

Page 29: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Abdominopelvic QuadrantsAbdominopelvic Quadrants

Right upperLeft upperRight lowerLeft lower

Figure 1.12

Page 30: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Abdominopelvic RegionsAbdominopelvic Regions

UmbilicalEpigastricHypogastricRight and left

iliac or inguinalRight and left

lumbarRight and left

hypochondriac

Figure 1.11a

Page 31: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

Organs of the Abdominopelvic Organs of the Abdominopelvic RegionsRegions

Figure 1.11b

Page 32: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.
Page 33: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.
Page 34: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

X-ray TechnologyUses electromagnetic radiation to

make imagesUsed to look for broken bones,

problems in your lungs and abdomen, cavities in your teeth, tumors, etc.

Page 35: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.
Page 36: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

MRI – Magnetic Resonance MRI – Magnetic Resonance ImagingImagingImaging test that uses powerful

magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the body

The area of the body being studied is placed inside a special machine that contains a strong magnet

It is used to find problems such as tumors, bleeding, injury, blood vessel diseases or infection

Usually takes 30-60 minutes

Page 37: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.
Page 38: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

CT – Computed CT – Computed tomographytomographyScan uses x-rays to make detailed

pictures of structures inside of the body

Each rotation of the scanner provides a picture of a thin slice of the organ or area

Can be used to study all parts of your body

May be used to make sure a procedure is done correctly

Page 39: Chapter 2: The Language of Anatomy. Anatomy Unit 2 Objectives: TSWBAT verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. TSWBAT use proper anatomical.

UltrasoundUltrasoundUses high-frequency sound waves to look

at organs and structures inside the bodyUsed to view the heart, blood vessels,

kidneys, liver, and other organsDuring pregnancy, doctors use

ultrasound tests to examine the fetusUses a device called a transducer over

part of the body; sends out sound waves, which bounces off the tissues inside your body; images are created from the waves


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