Chapter 2 Vocabulary Quiz WordsDirections: Copy the following

vocabulary words. They will be on your Ch 2 Vocabulary Clicker quiz on Friday: (CIRCLE/HIGHLIGHT THEM IN YOUR NOTES!)

1. Cataracts2. Delta3. Kemet4. Shadoff5. Manuscript6. Barley7. Papyrus8. Hieroglyphics

9. Dynasty10. Pharaohs11. Deities12. Embalming13. Mummy14. Pyramids15. Surveyors16. Tribute17. Incense18. Savannas

WWW #9

Write a caption for a museum describing this artifact from ancient Egypt.

The woolly mammoth roamed Siberia, northern Europe, and parts of North America during the Pleistocene epoch. (The Pleistocene is the subdivision of the Cenozoic era that came right before the present epoch, lasting from about 1.8 million to 11,800 years ago.)

The Egyptian Empires

Today we are learning about the cultural advances and territorial expansions of

the Middle & New Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom

• Capital moved from Memphis to Thebes- order/stability restored after 200 years of confusion

• Golden Age – time of peace & prosperity• Land – took control of new lands– Tribute sent – enriched the kingdom• Added more waterways & dams• Canal built btw Nile & Red Sea• Larger amount of farm land

Art of the Middle Kingdom

• During a golden age the following thrive:• Art – Painting on tombs– Sculptures – more realistic – Pharaohs shown as real

people• Literature– Poets – wrote tributes to the pharaohs

• Architecture– Tombs cut into cliffs– Valley of the Kings

The Hyksos

• Middle Kingdom – ends 1670 B.C.E.• Hyksos – western Asia – attacked– Mighty warriors– Horse-drawn chariots– Iron/bronze weapons– Ruled – 150 yrs.

• Ahmose- Egyptian prince – drove Hyksos out of Egypt

Family members Reigned Major accomplishments Other info

Ahmose

1550

Hatshepsut

1473-1458

Thutmose III

1458-1425

Akhenaton

1370

Tutankhamen

1333-1324

Ramses

1279-1213

Pharaohs of the New Kingdom

The New Kingdom

• Began with Ahmose’s reign• Even richer & more powerful • Empire building – priority of N.K. pharaohs– Fought w/Asia for land

• Egypt reached height of its glory

Hatshepsut

• Female pharaoh• Often wore men’s clothing • More interested in the economy –

trade relations• Restored Egypt’s wealth by trading

w/ Africa & Asia– Exports: beads, metal tools, weapons– Imports: ebony, gold, ivory, incense

& myrrh• Step-son plotted against her –

overthrew her gov.

Thutmose III

• Stepson/nephew of Hatshepsut• Aggressive leader – more land

under his control than any other leader

• Borders expanded - to Euphrates river, Nubia reclaimed

• Rich– Tribute– Trade

• POWs– Put to work rebuilding Thebes– Did have rights – land, marriage,

eventually freedom

Akhenaton• Aka: Amenhotep • Married to Nefertiti• Priest becoming too powerful• Introduced new Religion – monotheistic

– took away priest positions, seized lands, closed temples

• Changed his name to Akhenaton – “Spirit of Aton”

• Citizens viewed as attacking Egypt – refused to worship new religion

• Concentrated more on religion, less on pharaoh duties

• Hittites attacked Egypt – Egypt lost most of its land

Tutankhamen

• Aka: King Tut• Became pharaoh – 10 yrs

old• Small role in Egypt at the

time of his reign – Learned more from his

death about the civilization

– His tomb– Howard Carter – 1922– Curse of King Tut

Ramses II• Reigned 66 years• Served as captain in army at 10

yrs old• “Ramses the Great” b/c of fame

on battlefield• Armies regained lands in W.

Asia– Defeated Syria– Defeated the Hittites

• Building program – Construction of new temples– Restored the Sphinx– Temple of Karnak– Abu Simbel temple – built of

solid rock, huge statues of Ramese II

• Had more than 100 kids

Temples

• No reg. services held here– Prayer at home

• Temples = houses for gods/goddesses• Priest/priestesses – preformed daily rituals• Banks – stored valuable items for safe keeping– Gold– Oils– Fine cloth

Decline & Fall

• Power fades after Ramses II• Trouble keeping neighbors under control• No iron weapons• By 1150 – only control the Nile delta• Conquered by numerous people– Libyans– Kush– Assyrians

The least you need to know: (Who can get all of them correct?)

1. The Middle Kingdom was a _______ _____; a time of peace & prosperity

2. During the ______ Kingdom, Egypt acquired new territory.

3. _____________ tried to change Egypt’s religion4. _____________ is famous for the treasures

found in his tomb5. Under ___________ Egypt regained territory

and built great temples

Reading Check Answers

1. Peace and prosperity2. Middle3. Akhenaton (Aka: Amenhotep )4. Tutankhamen5. Ramses II