Rizal And the 1896 Revolution

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Rizal’s political ideas remained the same

Carnicero sympathized with Rizal and assured him of the possible support of Carnicero’s friends in Madrid.

But Carnicero believed of the possibility of the friars’ hindrance.

Despujol ordered Carnicero to convince Rizal to write down his intention of sating in Dapitan:Rizal had come to love DapitanRizal had become good friends with Carnicero

Rizal wrote of his intention of staying in Dapitan if he would be given full freedom, with the assurance that he would not abuse it.

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Despujol turned down Rizal’s offer.

Rizal threatened Despujol that he would write to his friends in Madrid about the banishment order should it not be lifted.

In turn, Despujol ordered Carnicero to ensure that no letter of Rizal would reach its destination.

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Federico Ochando Despujol

Juan Sitges Carnicero

Juan Sitges and Rizal’s relationship was the complete opposite of what friendship Rizal had with Carnicero.

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Rumors that Sitges was to shoot Rizal the moment the latter attempts to escape.

Every movement of Rizal was closely watched and regulated.Report to Sitges THREE times a day.Prohibited to leave the town and walkbeyond

the street of Dapitan without permission

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Later on, the relationship between the two turned from good to bad.

Ramon Blanco Ochando

At this point, Rizal reiterated of his appeal for the lifting of his deportation.

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Told of the injustice of his rustication order:No evidence to support the charges against himThis unjust rustication had resulted to his separation

from his familyArgued that if he were a Spanish citizen, the

accusations against him would not even be considered a crime.

He did not receive any reply from Blanco regarding this matter.

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

In November of the same year, Blanco made a visit to Dapitan.

Invited Rizal aboard his ship to tell him of his relocation to either Vigan or La Union.

Even suggested that Rizal sail to Spain because of his poor health

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Rizal was quite happy with his audience with Blanco.

But when he wrote a letter to Blanco asking for the latter’s permission in opening an agricultural settlement in Sindangan Bay, he never received any reply from the Governor-General.

Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

Ramon Blanco

Gov. Gen. Despujol

Attempts to Win Back Rizal to

Catholicism

The JESUITS who exerted efforts to win back Rizal to the fold of the Church

Fr. Obach – the parish priest of Dapitan Fr. Villaclara – the parish priest of Dipolog Fr. Sanchez – Rizal’s former teacher at Ateneo

Fr. Pablo Pastells – the Superior of the Jesuit Order who continued the work of his predecessors.He sent Rizal a series of letters convincing Rizal of the flaws

of his religious views that led to a religious debate between Rizal and Pastells.

Fr. Juan Ricart – he attributed the Jesuit’s failure to Carnicero

The arrival of Josephine Bracken in Dapitan ...

Rizal requested Fr. Obach to officiate a church wedding to legalize his union.

- Two conditions that Fr. Obach to solemnize Rizal’s marriage with Josephine :

- Retraction of Rizal’s religious errors- General confession

However, no church wedding took place because Rizal did not concur with the requirements.

1st Strategy :

“BRIBERY”PROFESSORIAL

CHAIR IN A UNIVERSITY

A LANDED ESTATE PHP 100,000.00

CONDITION: Rizal would repudiate his Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Strategies that the friars employed to win Rizal back to Catholicism

MARIA – Rizal’s sister. She urged Rizal to accept the offer. Rizal responded by saying:

“ What my right hand did, my left hand will

not undo.”

2nd Strategy:

“USE OF A SPY in the name of PABLO MERCADO”

His real name was FLORENCIO NAMANAN of Cagayan de Misamis.

He agreed to work for the friars due to the promise of the Recollects: That he shall be conferred the title “Friar Curator of the Recollects”.

His MISSION: Securing letters and other articles that would show that Rizal was a

separatist.

He went to Dapitan and offered himself as a courier of Rizal’s letters and writings for the patriots in Manila.

He was arrested by Commander Juan Sitges.

ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE RIZAL FROM DAPITAN

The Grand Regional Council of Philippine Masonry

Rizal is a threat to the masonryGenerated funds for Rizal’s trip to Spain

Europe

Timoteo Paez

Find a suitable vessel for Rizal in Hong Kong or Singapore

Europe

Jose Maria Basa

Work for Rizal’s release through his friends among the ministers in Madrid

EuropeAntonio Regidor

Work out for Rizal’s freedom in ManilaEscape from DapitanRizal or del Pilar as the deputy in the Spanish Cortes

Katipunan

May 2, 1896Secret meeting at Bitukang ManokRizal will lead the revolutionAndres Bonifacio commissioned Pio Valenzuela to be his emissary to Rizal

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

June 15, 1896Steamer VenusRaymundo Mata

June 21, 1896Rizal objected the plan because

×The people are not ready for a revolution

×Not enough arms and funds

Ferdinand BlumentrittCubaRevolution Yellow Fever epidemicShortage of physicians to minister the needs of the Spanish troops and the Cuban peopleRizalDecember 17, 1895He wrote a letter to Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco – offer his services as military doctor in Cuba

July 21, 1896Letter of acceptance from Gov. Gen. BlancoPolitco-military commander of Dapitan would give him a pass to go to Manila

“and there the Minister of War will assign you to the Army of Operations

in Cuba, detailed to the Medical Corps”

-Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco

Adiós DapitanRizal left DapitanJuly 31, 1896Steamer EspañaJosephine, Narcisa, Angelica, his three nephews and six studentsFuneral March of Chopin

“I have been in this district for four years, thirteen days and a few hours

-Jose Rizal

Rizal in ManilaAugust 6, 1896He missed the ship Isla de Luzon

“Unfortunately, we did not catch the mail boat for Spain, and, fearing that my stay in Manila might result in trouble, I remained on board the boat and sent word to the Governor General that I wished to be isolated from all the world. The General sent me to the Cruiser Castilla, where I remained isolated, excepting for my family."

– Jose Rizal ‘s letter to Blumentritt

“Manila, August 30, 1896 Esteemed General and Distinguished Friend:

I recommend to you with genuine interest Dr. José Rizal, who is leaving for the Peninsula to place himself at the disposal of the government as volunteer army surgeon to Cuba. During the four years of his exile at Dapitan he has conducted himself in the most exemplary manner, and he is, in my opinion, the more worthy of praise and consideration in that he is in no way connected with the extravagant attempts we are now deploring, neither those of conspirators nor of the secret societies that have been formed.I have the pleasure to reassure you of my high esteem, and remain,

Your affectionate friend and comrade,Ramon Blanco”

He was transferred to the cruiser CastillaCapt. Enrique SantaloAugust 6 – September 2, 1896

The Revolution Breaks Out

Rizal and the Katipunan

Andres Bonifacio was sowing the seeds of an armed uprising with the gain of more power and adherents of Katipunan, the secret revolutionary society he founded on July 7, 1892.

In a secret meeting of Katipunan in the little river named Bitukang Manok near Pasig, Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan in order to inform Rizal of the Katipunan’s plan of launching a revolution.

Rizal and the Katipunan

Valenzuela left Manila on board steamer Venus.

To camouflage his real mission, he brought with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata and a guide

And during a dinner in the garden, Valenzuela told Rizal of the Katipunan plan and of the necessity of his support.

Rizal and the Katipunan

Steamer Venus

Pio Valenzuela

Rizal believed that the idea of launching a revolution was premature because the people are not ready for a revolution and the arms and funds must first be

collected before raising the revolution.

Rizal also disapproved of the plan of the Katipunan to rescue him because he had given his word of honor to the Spanish authorities and he did not want to break it.

Rizal and the Katipunan

The desire of the Filipinos to fight was intensified by the finding of Father Mariano Gil about the Katipunan through Teodoro Patino

The news about the Cry of Pugadlawin reached Rizal. Rizal was no longer surprised with the news as he had always expected something like this to happen if the Spanish government won’t give the Filipinos the reform that they are asking for.

The Cry of Pugadlawin took place in Caloocan on August 26, 1896. When the leaders expressed their willingness to fight, Bonifacio asked them to bring out their cedulas and tear them apart, shouting “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas”.

Rizal and the Katipunan

RIZAL SAILS FOR SPAIN

TO CUBA

Rizal Sails to Spain for CubaSeptember 3, 1896

Steamer Isla de Panay

1. He was happy for he felt like he succeeded in his race against the revolution.

2. Though the idea of going to Cuba was not his, he thought it was good enough to avoid accusations regarding the Katipunan later on.

at Bay, September 2, 1896

I urge you to take care of, to serve and to love our parents as you would like your children later to take care of serve and love you in your old age. May you live united and forgive one another’s asperities and slight faults -the natural thorns of life- because it is a displeasure for parents to see that their children are not living in harmony. Afterwards, when our parents are dead, we shall miss them greatly and we shall be sorry for not having served them while they lived.

- Jose P. Rizal

Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba

Blanco and his evil plans

1. Unknowingly, Blanco sent coded telegrams for Rizal’s arrest.

2. He was told of this arrest by the Captain of Isla de Panay while he was in the steamer.

3. Rizal was surprised by this.

October 3, 1896

He reached Barcelona and was held as prisoner.

He was told that he was to be taken to Fort Monjuich, prison citadel of the city.

Gen. Despujol informed him of his deportation back to the Philippines.

Don Pedro Roxas,

a passenger of Isla de Panay who advised Rizal to take advantage of the protection of the British law.

Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba

Rizal’s friends knew of what happened and they all came to the rescue.

Regidor and Lopez transmitted telegrams to English lawyer in Singapore, Hugh Fort to rescue the hero by means of writ of habeas corpus.

Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba

The steamer arrived in Manila on November 3, 1896. under tight security, Rizal was brought and incarcerated at Fort Santiago. Meanwhile, the Spanish authorities commenced their expedition of fishing all evidences that can be used against Rizal.

Those who sympathized were to be harassed and tortured.

Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba